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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. Setting the stage for Reformation. Desiderius Erasmus was the best known Christian Humanist. He wanted to reform the Catholic Church. He did not wish to break away from the Catholic Church. Causes of the Reformation. 100 Years War and Black Death

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation

  2. Setting the stage for Reformation • Desiderius Erasmus was the best known Christian Humanist. • He wanted to reform the Catholic Church. • He did not wish to break away from the Catholic Church.

  3. Causes of the Reformation • 100 Years War and Black Death • Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church • The Corruption within the Catholic Church

  4. What was the Protestant Reformation? • Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic • The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church • People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

  5. What was the Protestant Reformation? • In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions • The Reformation caused a split in Christianitywith the formation of these new Protestant religions

  6. What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

  7. The Reformers • Martin Luther • John Calvin • Henry VIII

  8. Martin Luther • Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany • Father encouraged him to study law • A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

  9. Martin Luther • He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven • He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort • In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

  10. ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

  11. Luther's 95 Theses • A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) • He criticized: • The Power of the Pope • The Extreme Wealth of the Church • Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

  12. Luther's 95 Theses • Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs • Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany • Gained support from people and criticism from Church

  13. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. • This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

  14. Luther on Trial • The Edict of Worms • 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs • Luther burned the order and was excommunicated • Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

  15. Pope Leo X (Medici) • He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

  16. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

  17. Acceptance of Reforms • Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas • Lutheranism was formed • Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms • The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

  18. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

  19. John Calvin • Anti-Catholic • Influenced by Martin Luther • Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” • Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

  20. Predestination • Calvin believed in: • Salvation through Predestination • At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

  21. Calvin believed in: • Foreknowledge • God knows everything that will happen in your life • Purified approach to life: • No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

  22. CALVINISM • Started in Switzerland – Calvinists • England = Puritans • Scotland = Presbyterians • Holland = Dutch Reform • France = Huguenots • Germany = Reform Church

  23. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

  24. Henry VIII and the Reformation in England

  25. WIFE #1 • Catherine of Aragon • Henry given permission from Pope to marry his brother’s widow • Catherine failed to produce a male heir, only had one surviving child – Mary I

  26. Henry wanted a divorce, but Pope Clement VII wouldn’t invalidate the marriage • Henry tried to get Church to do what he wanted, and appointed Sir Thomas More as English Cardinal

  27. More wouldn’t support the divorce • Henry proceeded to dissolve his ties to the Pope • ENGLISH REFORMATION – Henry VIII took control of the English clergy and had himself appointed the head of the Church of England • He divorced Catherine and married his lover Anne Boleyn

  28. WIFE #2 • ANNE BOLEYN • Only had 1 surviving child – a daughter, Elizabeth I • Henry upset at not having a son, accused Anne of incest and adultery • Anne was brought to the Tower of London and executed

  29. Interesting things to note... • Legend had it she had a sixth finger and a large mole or goiter on her neck • Anne’s sister Mary had been one of Henry’s earlier mistresses • Just prior to her execution, Anne’s marriage to Henry was dissolved and considered invalid

  30. WIFE #3 • JANE SEYMOUR • First came to the court in the service of Queen Catherine, later she waited on Anne Boleyn as she rose to Queen • Henry felt she was his first “true wife” • She died 2 weeks after giving birth to Henry’s only legitimate son – Edward • Only one of the 6 wives buried with him.

  31. WIFE #4 • ANNE OF CLEVES • Henry was single for 2 years after Jane died • Henry wanted a marriage for political reasons, to form an Alliance between English Protestants and German Protestants • Hired a painter to find him a potential ally and paint the women who could make it possible – He chose Anne of Cleves • She was so unattractive however, Henry divorced her – he called her “Flanders Mare”

  32. WIFE #5 • KATHRYN HOWARD (cousin of Anne Boleyn) • Married her only 16 days after his divorce to Anne – he was 49, she was 19 • They were ill-matched, he was gaining a lot of weight, and had an ulcerated leg – she was his “rose without a thorn” • Executed because he believed she had relations with another man before their marriage, which continued after their marriage

  33. WIFE #6 • KATHERINE PARR • Widowed twice before marrying Henry • Became a stabilizing mother figure in home – to Mary, Elizabeth and Edward • She outlived Henry – who died January 28, 1547 • She married Jane Seymour’s bother Thomas after Henry’s death

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