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Introduction to Animal Science

Introduction to Animal Science. Competency 1.00. Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies. ANIMAL DOMESTICATION. Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people. REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION.

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Introduction to Animal Science

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  1. Introduction to Animal Science

  2. Competency 1.00 • Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies

  3. ANIMAL DOMESTICATION Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people.

  4. REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION • To ensure a steadier supply of food and clothing • Companionship • Assist in labor

  5. RESULTS OF DOMESTICATION • Less dependence on hunting and wild plants for food • A surer source of food and clothing • A more settled way of life • Selective breeding

  6. WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING? Selecting animals with certain desirable characteristics to use for breeding purposes

  7. ORIGIN OF CATTLE • Bos taurus- European cattle • Bos indicus- Humped cattle from tropical countries. • India • First brought to the U.S. by Columbus

  8. Cattle Bos taurus Bos indicus

  9. ORIGIN OF CATTLE • Major growth of large herds in great plains states because of grazing. • Midwest and north central states became the main area for finishing cattle because of grain.

  10. US Cattle Finishing Grazing

  11. ORIGIN OF SWINE • Sus scrofa and Sus vittatus. • Chinese were first to tame pigs • Brought to new world by Columbus • DeSoto took hogs westward • Midwestern cornbelt states became largest hog producing area

  12. Swine Sus scrofa Sus vittatus

  13. ORIGIN OF SHEEP • One of the first animals tamed by humans • Brought to new world by Columbus • Used by colonists mainly for wool • Northeast and Western states are main sheep producing areas

  14. Sheep 4000 BC

  15. ORIGIN OF GOATS • Pasang and Grecian Ibex- Wild goats found in Asia Minor • Goats brought to new world for milk and hair

  16. Goats Western Asia

  17. ORIGIN OF HORSES • Evolved from Eohippus • First tamed in Asia or Persia • Brought to new world by Columbus • Horses were left behind by explorers • Brought to new world for work animals

  18. Horses Asia and Persia

  19. ORIGIN OF POULTRY • Gallus gallus- Wild jungle fowl, ancestor of tame chickens • Turkeys were probably tamed by people originally living in America

  20. Poultry Egypt India and China North America

  21. Objective • 1.01 • Define terms used to identify animals by sex, age, & physical traits in the beef, swine, and poultry industry

  22. Terms Cattle Swine Poultry Not castrated Bull Boar Rooster Castrated (young) Steer Barrow Capon Castrated (old) Stag Stag Young female Heifer Guilt That has not given birth Older female Cow Sow That has given birth Baby Calf Pig Chick

  23. Objective • 1.02 • Identify the major breeds of beef, swine, and poultry

  24. Angus

  25. Beef Breeds • Angus • Black • Polled • Originated in Scotland • It is the most “registered” purebred • High in carcass quality

  26. Hereford

  27. Beef Breeds • Hereford • Red and White face • Horns • Originated in England • Docile • Gentle temperament • Good foragers • Efficient converters of forage crops

  28. Charolais

  29. Charolais

  30. Beef Breeds • Charolais • White to light straw colored • Naturally Horned • Breeding-up has created polled animals • Large framed • Originated in France

  31. Brahman

  32. Brahman

  33. Beef Breeds • Brahman • Light Gray to Black or Red • Originated in India • Pronounced hump • Loose Dewlap • Insect tolerant • Disease tolerant

  34. Polled Hereford

  35. Polled Hereford • Developed from the horned Hereford breed • Originated in 1901 • Warren Gammon • Des Moines, Iowa

  36. Limousin

  37. Limousin • Native to the south central part of France • Golden-red cattle

  38. Beefmaster (Bull)

  39. Beefmaster • Developed from: • Brahman • Hereford • Shorthorn • Developed by Ed Lasater in 1908

  40. Shorthorn

  41. Texas Longhorn

  42. Chianina (pronounced kee-a-nee-na)

  43. Dairy Breeds

  44. Holstein

  45. Dairy Breeds • Holstein • 90% of the dairy cattle in the US • Black and white • Leading producer of milk • Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year

  46. Jersey

  47. Guernsey

  48. Other Dairy Breeds • Jersey • Cream to light fawn to almost black • Number one in milk fat • Guernsey • Fawn and white • Ayrshire • Cherry red and white • Brown Swiss • Solid brown

  49. Ayrshire

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