Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era (1800-1816)

1. Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era (1800-1816) Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

2. Essential Question How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy ($)and politics, (govt.)? • How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy and politics

3. Moving West • Settlers started moving west into Kentucky and Tennessee • Some to the little settled Northwest Territory • They loaded their household goods into Conestoga wagons • They traveled with their two most valued possessions • Rifles and axes

4. The US in 1800 • Extended only as far west as Mississippi • West of the river was the Louisiana Territory • This area belonged to Spain • Settlers along the Mississippi river used the river to take their goods to New Orleans and then the East Coast • The Spanish allowed the Americans to use the lower Mississippi and trade in New Orleans • This allowed the western farmers to survive economically

5. The French Threat • 1802- The Spanish said the US could no longer use New Orleans • Jefferson confirmed that Spain secretly gave Louisiana to France • This would hurt the US greatly economically • France’s leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, had plans to create empires in Europe and the Americas • Jefferson told Robert Livingston, the new minister to France, to offer as much as $10 million for New Orleans and West Florida

7. Revolt in Santo Domingo • Napoleon saw Santo Domingo as an important Caribbean naval base from which he could control an American empire • But, the ideas of the French Revolution inspired enslaved Africans to revolt against the island’s plantation owners • Toussaint-Louverture led the rebels • The rebels won and declared the colony an independent republic • 1802- Napoleon sent troops to regain control, but were not successful • The country is now called Haiti

8. The Nation Expands • Without Santo Domingo, Napoleon had little use for Louisiana • Napoleon did need money to finance his war with Britain • The French were ready to sell Louisiana • French foreign minister Charles de Talleyrand and American diplomats made a deal to sell Louisiana • For $15 million

10. The Louisiana Purchase • Provided cheap and abundant land for farmers • Gave US control of the Mississippi River • Jefferson worried if the purchase was legal • The Constitution said nothing about acquiring new territory • By what authority could Jefferson justify the purchase?

11. More of the Louisiana Purchase • Livingston wrote from Paris and told Jefferson to accept the deal before Napoleon changed his mind • Jefferson decided that the government’s treaty making powers allowed the purchase • October 1803, the Senate approve the purchase • The US doubled in size

12. The Louisiana Territory • Little was known about the Louisiana Purchase • Jefferson persuaded Congress to sponsor an expedition • Jefferson wanted to know what animals and plants were there • Also where forts could be set up • The expedition was to look for the Northwest Passage

13. Leaders of the Expedition • Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis, a 28 year old soldier • The co-leader was William Clark, a 32 year old friend of Lewis • Both were amateur scientists and conducted business with Native Americans • Together they assembled a crew of expert river men, gunsmiths, carpenters, scouts, and a cook • Two men of mixed Native American and French heritage served as interpreters • Clark brought his African American servant named York

14. The Lewis and Clark Expedition • Actually called the Corps of Discovery • Set out from St. Louis in spring of 1804 • Lewis and Clark kept journals and notes of what they saw • The group encountered many Native American groups • One young Shoshone woman named Sacagawea joined the group as a guide

15. Lewis and Clark • After 18 months and almost 4,000 miles, Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Ocean • The expedition returned in September 1806 • Lewis and Clark gathered valuable information about the West • Their journey inspired people to move westward

16. Pike’s Expedition • Jefferson sent others to explore the Louisiana area as well • Lieutenant Zebulon Pike led two expeditions between 1805 and 1807 • Explored present day Colorado • Found what he called Grand Peak… Today it is called- • Pike’s Peak • Americans learned about the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains • Pike also mapped part of the Rio Grande and traveled into what is now Texas

17. Federalists Plan to Secede • Federalist feared the new states formed from the Louisiana Purchase would be Republican • The Federalists would lose power • A group of Federalists in Massachusetts plotted to secede from the Union • New England would be the “Northern Confederacy” • The plotters needed New York to join and they turned to Aaron Burr • The Federalists gave Burr their support when he ran for governor of New York in 1804

18. Burr and Hamilton • Hamilton never trusted Burr • Hamilton was now concerned about rumors of secession • Hamilton accused Burr of plotting treason • Burr blamed Hamilton for losing the election • Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel

19. Burr and Hamilton’s Duel • July 1804 • Both were armed with pistols • Hamilton pledged not to shoot at his rival • Burr aimed to kill Hamilton • Shots fire • Hamilton is shot and died the next day • Burr fled to avoid arrest

20. Essential Question How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy and politics? • It secured the Mississippi trade route • Provided cheap, abundant land for farming • Raised fears of increased support for the Republicans which, in turn, caused some federalists to call for secession