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North American Societies

Chapter 16 Section 1. North American Societies. Key Terms. Potlatch Anasazi Pueblo Mississippian Iroquois Totem. Complex Societies in the West. North American Societies less developed than South Had complex societies Conduct long distance trade . Cultures of Abundance.

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North American Societies

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  1. Chapter 16 Section 1 North American Societies

  2. Key Terms • Potlatch • Anasazi • Pueblo • Mississippian • Iroquois • Totem

  3. Complex Societies in the West • North American Societies less developed than South • Had complex societies • Conduct long distance trade

  4. Cultures of Abundance • Oregon to Alaska rich in resources • Most important resource was the sea • Hunted whales in canoes • Potlatch-give food, drink and gifts to the community (rank and prosperity)

  5. Accomplished Builders • Southwest- drier desert lands • Hohokoam of central Arizona were farmers • Used irrigation • Squash • Beans • Corn • Used pottery instead of baskets

  6. Accomplished Builders • Anasazi-lived in four corners region (Utah) • Built cliff dwellings • Mesa Verde Colorado • 900’s lived in pueblos • Villages of large apartment style compounds • Made of stone or sun baked clay

  7. Accomplished Builders • Pueblo Bonita the largest means beautiful village • Required high degree of organization and inventiveness • Human labor quarried sandstone • Used mud like mortar

  8. Accomplished Builders • Some walls 5 stories tall • Windows small to keep out burning sun • Housed 1000 people • Had 600 rooms • Kivas-underground ceremonial chambers used for religious practices

  9. Accomplished Builders • Anasazi pueblos abandoned by 1200 • Hopi and Zuni used kivas (Pueblo peoples) • Created pottery and baskets • Traded corn and farm products with Plain Indians for buffalo and hides • Comanche, Kiowa, Apache were Plains tribes

  10. Mound Builders and Other Woodland Cultures • Mound builders lived east of the Mississippi River • 700BC the Adena built mounds • 200AD Hopewell built burial mounds • Filled with gifts

  11. Mound Builders • Mississippian were the last • From 800AD to the 1500’s • Thriving villages, farming and trade • Between 1000 and 1200 30,000 lived in Cahokia • Crossroads of east and west

  12. Northeastern Tribes Build Alliances • Varied cultures • Economic and cultural connection • Trade linked people in North America • Mississippian trade from Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic coast from Great Lakes to Gulf of Mexico

  13. Northwestern Tribes Build Alliances • Iroquois spoke related languages • Five tribes in upper New York form Iroquois League • Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Seneca • To promote joint defense and cooperation

  14. Religion Shapes View of Life • Believed the world around them was filed with spirits • Recognized a number of sacred spirits • Great Spirit • Spirits gave customs and rituals • Peace and harmony from practicing rituals

  15. Religion Shapes View of Life • Beliefs included a great respect for the land • Tried to alter land as little as possible • Land was sacred • Could not be bought or sold • Europeans claimed lands it caused a conflict

  16. Shared Social Patterns • Family basis of social organization • Extended family • Some organized families into clans • Some families lived together in a large house

  17. Shared Social Patterns • Totems-natural object that a can identifies with • Define behaviors in social relationships • Northwestern displayed totems on masks, boats huge poles in front of houses

  18. Shared Social Patterns • Used totem symbols in • Ritual dances • Marriages • Naming children • Planting and harvesting • Hundreds of different patterns of life

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