Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914

1. Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914 Song: crushcrushcrush-Paramore

2. Industrial Revolution • Began in Britain, eventually spread through Europe to Japan and the U.S. • Agriculture surplus leads to more time for technology • Domestic system • Urbanization • Factories

3. Industrial Revolution • Inventions: • Flying Shuttle (weaving/ John Kay) • Spinning Jenny (thread/ John Hargreaves/ at right) • Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) • Steam Engine (Thomas Newcomer/James Watt) • Steamship (Robert Fulton) • Locomotive (George Stephenson) • Telegraph (Samuel Morse) • Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) • Radio (Marconi Guglielmo) • Light bulb (Thomas Edison) • Internal Combustion Engine (Gottlieb Daimler) • Airplane (Orville and Wilber Wright) • Natural Selection (Charles Darwin)

4. Industrial Revolution • Interchangeable parts and the assembly line are 1st used • Women and children worked • New social order: • Aristocrats (rich bases on industrial success) • Middle Class (skilled professionals) • Working Class (largest class)

5. Industrial Revolution • Adam Smith developed private ownership • Capitalism (aka Free-market System) • Laissez-faire capitalism = gvt removes themselves from regulation • Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto (founded Socialism and Communism)

6. Industrial Revolution • Reforms improved working conditions • Factory Act of 1883: • British Parliament • Made factories safer • Labor unions • Social Mobility • Colonization began to get materials to use in Factories

7. Industrial Revolution • Europeans believed they were superior • Rudyard Kipling wrote “White Man’s Burden”

8. European Imperialism in India • England beat France for territory in North America, Europe, and India • British East India Company: • Led by Robert Clive • Held British rights over Indian trade

9. European Imperialism in India • Sepoy Rebellion: • Sepoys = Indians who worked for Brits • Brits disregarded Hindu and Muslim customs • Rebellion lasts two years, but fails • British Parliament steps in • India becomes a colony • Bahadur Shah the 2nd is exiled

10. European Imperialism in India • Indian NationalCongresswas formedto begin pathtowards independence

11. European Imperialism in China • OPIUM TRADE • Opium War • B/t British and Chinese over opium trade • Treaty of Nanjing gave British rights to trade • Rebellions: • White Louts Rebellion (Buddhists) • Taiping Rebellion (nationalists vs. Manchu) • Self-Strengthening mvt tried to fix gvt, didn’t work

12. European Imperialism in China • Sino-French War: • French gained Vietnam • Sino-Japanese War: • Treaty of Shimonoseki • Taiwan was given to Japan • European powers began spheres of influence in Asia

13. European Imperialism in China • Boxer Rebellion: • Anti-Christian, anti-Manchu, anti-European • Society of Righteous and Harmonious fists • Wanted to force Europeans and Chinese out of China • Didn’t work • Sun Yat-Sen took over gvt • Republic was established

14. Japanese Imperialism • Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Japan, Japanese couldn’t compete with their technology(at right) • Treaty of Kanagawa • Gave U.S. concessions to Japan

15. Japanese Imperialism • Meiji Restoration: • Modernized Japan • Reduced foreign influence • Russo-Japanese War • Japanese kicked Russia out of Manchuria

16. Japanese Imperialism

17. European Imperialism in Africa • Slave Trade ends • South Africa • Gold and Diamonds • Boer War • British vs. Boer Settlers • African National Congress • Organized to oppose European colonization

18. European Imperialism in Africa • Egypt: • Muhammed Ali beat the French and Ottomans to gain control of Egypt • Suez Canal • Egypt couldn’t pay for it • British loaned them the $$$, controlled Canal

19. European Imperialism in Africa • SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA • Berlin Conference was held to decided how land claims could be made

20. American Revolution • French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War) • French and Native Americans fought British for territory in North America • British Won

21. American Revolution • George Grenville and Charles Townshend passed unpopular acts on behalf of the King • Revenue Act • Stamp Act • Tea Act • Raised $$ for King • Boston Tea Party(at right) • British fought Americans

22. American Revolution • Thomas Paine wrote “Common Sense” to urge colonists to support the cause • French helped Americans finally beat the British

23. French Revolution • Estates General • Three Estates • Clergy- (First) • Noble families-(Second) • Everyone else- (Third)- Tired of paying all the taxes • Third estate became National Assembly • Adopted The Declaration of the Rights of Man • New Constitution

24. French Revolution • Constitution was thrown out and replaced with the Committee of Public Safety • Enforcer of revolution • Led by Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins • Replaced with new constitution • The Directory

25. French Revolution • Napoleon Bonaparte: • overthrew the Directory • Napoleonic Codes: • Recognized the equality of French Citizens • Gained Power for France • Tried to conquer Europe

26. French Revolution • Russia decimated Napoleon’s army • Waterloo/Congress of Vienna: • Prince von Metternich of Austria • Alexander the 1st of Russia • Duke of Wellington of Britain • Defeated Napoleon and decided what to do with his territory • Established balance of power

27. Latin American Independence Movements • Haiti: • French • Pierre Toussaint L’Ouverture led successful slave revolt • Yellow fever stopped French army • Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haiti a free republic

28. Latin American Independence Movements • South America • Joseph Bonaparte (Napoleon’s brother) took over Spanish throne • In Venezuela, Simon Bolivar replaced Bonaparte’s elected governor • National Congress established • In Argentina, Jose de San Martin took revolutionary forces through South America and joined with Bolivar

29. Latin American Independence Movements • Brazil • John the 6th fled Portugal after Napoleon took over and set up his royal court in Brazil • Pedro, his son, ran Brazil after John left • Pedro declared independence from Portugal • Pedro the 2nd was defeated by the land-owning class and a republic was established

30. Latin American Independence Movements • Mexico • Miguel Hidalgo led revolt against Spain • Revolt was put down • Jose Morelos revolted, beat Spain, but the land-owning class turned against him • Treaty of Cordoba • Mexico was independent from Spain

31. Unification of Italy • Small kingdoms • Victor Emmanuel the 2nd: • Ruled Sardinia, the only Italian kingdom on the peninsula now known as Italy • Named Count Camilla Cavour his prime minister • Along with Giuseppe Garibaldi, the three men unified Italy through a series of wars

32. Unification of Italy • Borders were shaky • Rome wasn’t apart of Italy until 1870, when the rest of Italy was unified in the early 1860s

33. Unification of Germany • Prussia and Austria dominated the region • William the 1st • King of Prussia • Appointed Otto von Bismarck prime minister • Wanted to unify the area • Bismarck defeated Austria

34. Unification of Germany • Franco-Prussian war • Alliance b/t France and Prussia • Allowed Bismarck to gain regions of Germany • William the 2nd became the new emperor of Germany

35. Other Political Developments: Russia • Czars had absolute power • Alexander the 2nd: • Emancipation Edict • Abolished serfdom • The People’s Will • Assassinated Alexander • Russification • Alexander suppressed anything that could be perceived as Anti-Russian

36. Other Political Developments: Russia • Nicholas the 2nd • Russians were defeated by Japan • Bloody Sunday • March on Czar palace • Police open fired on protesters • Duma • Body supposed to represent the people • Peter Stolypin • Prime minister

37. Other Political Developments: Ottoman Empire • Ottoman Empire on the verge of collapse • Lost many wars with Russia • Many independence movements: • Egypt • Greece • Arabia

38. Other Political Developments: U.S. Foreign Policy • U.S. declared the Western Hemisphere was closed to European Aggression (Monroe Doctrine) • Roosevelt Corollary • The U.S. would intervene in financial problems b/t Europe and the Americas • Panama Canal

39. Other Political Developments: U.S. Foreign Policy • Spanish-American War: • Cubans revolted against Spanish control • U.S. sympathized with Cubans • U.S. beat Spain • Gained Cuba

40. THE END I used ‘Crushcrushcrush’ as my song because in this time period many countries were crushing their governments to gain independence. Also, imperialism was causing world powers to crush smaller countries and take over their land.