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World History Chapter 2 Section 2

Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders. World History Chapter 2 Section 2. Sargon – 2300 B.C. Ruler of Akkad – invaded and conquered Sumer and surrounding lands Continued to expand and created the first Empire When he died other nations invaded and took over. Hammurabi – 1790 B.C.

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World History Chapter 2 Section 2

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  1. Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders World History Chapter 2Section 2

  2. Sargon – 2300 B.C. • Ruler of Akkad – invaded and conquered Sumer and surrounding lands • Continued to expand and created the first Empire • When he died other nations invaded and took over

  3. Hammurabi – 1790 B.C. • King of Babylon • Gained control of Mesopotamia • Hammurabi Code – set of laws • Why? • Wanted to ensure that everyone knew the law – no exceptions

  4. Important? • Hammurabi had artisans ? Carve 300 laws into a stone pillar and display it for everyone to see • First attempt by a ruler to codify law • Codify – arrange and set down in writing

  5. Civil Law • Private rights and matters – such as: • Business, property, inheritance, marriage and divorce • Code was designed to protect the powerless – slaves and women • Allowed women to own property and pass it to her children • A man was both the legal authority over his and the provider for her • Fathers had almost unlimited authority over children • Kept a house running orderly. • Was this necessary?

  6. Crime and Punishment • Criminal law – offenses against other • Robbery, assault, murder • Set out specific punishments – limited vengeance and created social order • Could be cruel – an eye for an eye • If someone built a house and it collapsed on someone, the person who built it could be put to death

  7. Hammurabi United Empire • Improved Irrigation • Organized a well trained army • Ordered repairs for temples • Encouraged religious unity by promoting Marduk – the patron god of Babylon, which replaced older Sumerian gods

  8. Conquests • Hittites – came from Asia Minor around 1400 B.C. • Advancements – • Three man chariot • Ability to extract Iron from ore • Could create better tools and weapons • They were harder and sharper • Tried to keep this a secret – but when their Empire collapsed in 1700 B.C. – iron smiths when elsewhere for work and spread knowledge

  9. Assyrian Warriors • Also learned of Iron forging • Established an Empire by 1350 B.C. • They started expanding across Mesopotamia • Earned the reputation as most feared warriors • Kept order and rule in their cities • Nineveh – had one of the first libraries of cuneiform tablets

  10. Nebuchadnezzar – 612 B.C. Babylonian King • Took control of Assyrian Empire and brought it under Babylonian control • Empire stretched from Persian Gulf to Mediterranean Sea • Rebuilt canals, temples, walls and palaces • Surrounded Babylon with a wall (85 ft. thick) and moat • Hanging Gardens – one of the Seven Wonders Of the World • Built for his wife – gardens in dessert – difficult, expensive

  11. Persians • Conquered Babylon in 539 B.C. • Cyrus the Great – Persian King, and his successors built the largest Empire ever seen up until that point • Persians had a policy of tolerance for conquered people • Respectful of others customs

  12. Persians • Darius I – created a single law code for Empire which unified it • Built and repaired roads in the Empire • Set up model government • Divided Empire into Provinces called a Satrapy • Satrapy was ruled by a governor called a Satrap • Each Satrapy had to pay taxes according to the wealth that was in the province • Darius I – moved from city to city to see people and lead festivals

  13. Persian Economy • Darius set up a common weight and measurement scale • Encouraged the use of coins • Barter Economy – trading of goods • Money Economy – coins used to purchase items • Coinage – money with an agreed upon value

  14. Religion • Zoroaster – Persian “thinker” • Rejected old Persian gods and taught there was only one God – Ahura Mazda who was in constant battle with Ahriman – the prince of evil and lies • Eventually Ahura Mazda wins and there would be a final judgment day • Does this sound familiar? • Heaven, Hell, Jug dement?

  15. Phoenician Sea Trade • Famous for sailing and trading • Occupied area of Eastern Mediterranean coast • Became known for manufacturing and trade • Made glass from sand, and a purple dye from snails • Set up colonies around the Mediterranean Sea to promote trade • Colony – territory settled and ruled by a people from another land • Made it as far as Britain and brought back tin

  16. Phoenician • Established an Alphabet – writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound, i.e. consonants and vowels • 22 symbols – all consonants • Later Greeks added vowels • Became the alphabet we know today

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