Unit 1: Anatomy

1. Unit 1: Anatomy Fitness Planes of Movement Skeletal System

2. Objectives • Define Anatomy • Define Fitness – Health related vs Skill related • Identify planes of movement • Identify the major bones and muscles of the human body. • Identify different types of muscle contraction during movement

3. Key Terms • Anatomy: • The study of components that make up the musculoskeletal “machine.” • Structural organization of living things – how they are built and what they consist of

4. Components of Fitness • Fitness = achieved by regular exercise, proper diet and adequate rest • Fitness is two dimensional: • Health Related – all important body parts are in good working order and are exercised regularly • Skill Related - able to participate in a high level of sport or rigorous physical activity

5. Health Related Fitness Components • Cardiorespiratory Fitness – ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen and energy to the muscles. Builds endurance • Muscular Strength – ability to exert force or life a heavy weight. • Muscular Endurance – ability of muscles to word over a long period of time. • Flexibility – ability of the muscles to stretch, prevents injuries

6. Health Related Fitness Componentscont’d • Body Composition – refers to the distribution of muscle and fat throughout the body. • Males – 10-17% • Females – 14-20%

7. Skill Related Fitness Components Skill – the ability to do something efficiently and well • Agility – ability to change direction rapidly and accurately • Balance – ability to maintain equilibrium when moving or standing still • Coordination – ability to combine balance and agility while moving • Power – ability to apply maximum effort in as short a time as possible

8. Skill Related Fitness Components • Reaction Time – ability to respond to a situation in as short a time as possible • Speed – ability to cover a short distance as quickly as possible. Generated by a combination of all the skills listed so far.

9. Musculoskeletal System • Anatomical Position • The body is erect, the arms are down at the sides, and the palms face forward.

10. Figure 4.10 Figure 4.10

11. Planes of Movement • Standing in anatomical reference position, all three cardinal planes intersect at the body’s centre of gravity (COG) • Anatomical Planes of the Human Body • The sagittal plane slices the body into left-right sections. • The frontal plane slices the body into front-back sections. • The transverse plane slices the body into upper-lower sections.

12. Skeletal System • Skeleton • Muscles function by pulling against bones that rotate about joints and transmit force through to the environment. • The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

13. Skeletal System • Axial Skeleton – Core body - all major parts are attached and connect to it. Consists of 80 bones which are located in skull, spinal column, sternum, rib cage and sacrum • Appendicular Skeleton – Connects to axial. Consists of 126 bones found in the arms, shoulder blades, forearms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet

14. Functions of Skeletal System 1. Structural Support: • For soft tissue, including muscle and viscera 2. Protection • “cage” for more delicate parts of the body (brain, heart, lungs) 3. Growth center for cells • RBC and platelets are made in bones

15. Functions of Skeletal System 4. Reservoir of minerals 5. Movement • Muscles attach to bones by tendons. Muscles contract and move bones to facilitate movement

16. Skeletal System

17. Skeletal System