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Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

Step back into the turbulent 1930s in Europe and witness the emergence of new leaders and ideologies. Meet Contestants #1, #2, and #3 and decide who you would vote for. Delve into the questions of individual rights vs. collective rights, police and military control in times of crisis, media ownership, and the effectiveness of a government with a single leader. Explore the rise of totalitarianism and its manifestations like Nazism, Communism, and Fascism, their goals, and impacts. Discover the leadership styles of Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler. Uncover the militarism and imperialism that shaped Japan's path during this era. The era of Totalitarianism, Nazism, Communism, and Fascism unfolds before you in this immersive interactive experience.

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Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

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  1. Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

  2. Who Would You Vote For? Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

  3. Who Did You Vote For? Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

  4. Where do you stand?

  5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NihkNtV8-jA

  6. What is your score?Stand on the line. Now- think about: • What is more important, individual rights or rights of the nation as a whole? • In times of crisis, how much control should be given to the police and military in a country? • Who should control the media (government or corporations)? • Can a government that has only one leader be effective?

  7. Totalitarianism • What is it? • When would it be useful?

  8. Totalitarianism • Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural) • Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

  9. Totalitarianism • Strict controls and laws • Military state (secret police, army, military) • Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)

  10. Totalitarianism Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear

  11. Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depressionduring 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control-For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Controlof State by aDictator

  12. Nazism Communism Fascism Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

  13. TOTALITARIANISM Totalitarianism vs. Older concepts of dictatorship -Seek to dominate all -Seek limited, typically political aspects of national life control -Mobilize and make use -Seek pacified and submissive of mass political populations participation -Seek the complete -Attempt to rule over the reconstruction of the individual and society individual and society

  14. Communism • I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. • What is Communism? • LEFT WING • based on theory by Karl Marx • revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” • state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) • Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

  15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XreGs_q8Tw4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CakaR6Ja8u0

  16. Militarism Goals and Ideas: Though Japan had an emperor, the military had taken control of the government Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials IMPERIALISM Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China (the League of Nations did nothing) Hideki Tojo

  17. Tojo Youtube.com, Hirohito video, “Emperor Hirohito Review Type” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK-Xryw_hKA Youtube.com, Hirohito video, (Title is in Japanese). Japanese language newscast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB2wqrROavY&feature=related Youtube.com, Hirohito video, Japanese WWII War Criminal, Hideki Tojohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRRx3viyBp0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qc5U2snMtA

  18. Fascism • I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. • What is Fascism? • RIGHT WING • intense nationalism and elitism • totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights • maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

  19. MUSSOLINI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVgzjF0-h14  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciQ6MGU4GV8&list=PLB824B06BC9F1C561

  20. Nazism • I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. • What is Nazism? • extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party • belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” • belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe • Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

  21. HITLER http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5z8bSZSHb88 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0ZMUxIhXqs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIWCGqQFXZE

  22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHxenP1PvU4

  23. Nazi Controls

  24. Nazi Military State • GESTAPO: the Secret State Police • SS(Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA • Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

  25. Nazi Military State • SA (Sturmabteilung):Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties • Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east

  26. Nazi Military State • Wehrmacht: German army • HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth • Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units

  27. “The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violenceagainst the Jewish community. This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

  28. Policy of Appeasement Appeasement • willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war

  29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhq0HXMPrec

  30. Appeasement How was it used prior to World War II? • Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) • Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain of the unjust Treaty of Versailles • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y5Da4IKyTY

  31. Appeasement Reality • Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe • Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.

  32. STEPS TO WAR How did World War II begin? How did appeasement contribute to World War II?http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/history/quotes.pdf

  33. Reflect • Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Or appeasement? • What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history? • Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939? • Interested? More videoshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waI4aq-Rf0o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkSFIw6vePM&feature=related

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