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Accessory Organs of the Skin

Accessory Organs of the Skin. Hair Skin glands Nails. 1. Hair. Forms from epidermal cells Housed in the hair follicle 2 distinct sections Shaft – portion that projects from skin surface Root – deep portion penetrating the dermis Arrector pili muscles

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Accessory Organs of the Skin

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  1. Accessory Organs of the Skin • Hair • Skin glands • Nails

  2. 1. Hair • Forms from epidermal cells • Housed in the hair follicle • 2 distinct sections • Shaft – portion that projects from skin surface • Root – deep portion penetrating the dermis • Arrectorpili muscles • Smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle • Contract when stimulated by cold or nervous impulses, pulling hair up straight and causing goosebumps • Hair root plexus – dendrites of neurons that are sensitive to touch

  3. 2. Skin Glands • Sebaceous glands • “seb” = grease • Oil-producing (Why do we want this?) • Usually associated with hair follicles in the dermis • Keep hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof • Sudoriferous glands • “sudori” = sweat; “ferous” = bearing • 2 main types • Eccrine – secretes cooling sweat directly onto the skin • Apocrine – stimulated during stress/excitement; secreted into hair follicles • Modified sweat glands • Ceruminous (“cer” = wax) – external ear canal • Mammary –- milk-producing

  4. 3. Nails • Made of tightly packed, keratinized (???) epidermal cells • Consists of: • Nail body – visible portion • Free edge – part that extends past the end of the digit • Nail root – portion buried in a fold of skin • Lunula (“little moon”) – crescent-shaped area of the nail

  5. Functions of Integument • Protective covering • Prevents water loss • Keeps microbes and contaminants out • Cutaneous sensation – gathers information of environment • Excretion and absorption • Synthesis of vitamin D • Wound healing • Temperature regulation

  6. Temperature Regulation • When body temperature is too high: • Blood vessels in the dermal area dilate, so heat can be released to the environment. • Sweat glands are stimulated, and the evaporating sweat cools the body. • What happens when the body is too cold?

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