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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Cardiovascular System. Consists of: Heart Blood vessels Situated: In the mediastinum Medial = towards middle Sternum = central bone in between ribs (breastbone). Functions. Pump oxygen enriched blood into blood vessels & onto all body tissues.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. Cardiovascular System Consists of: • Heart • Blood vessels Situated: In the mediastinum Medial = towards middle Sternum = central bone in between ribs (breastbone)

  3. Functions • Pump oxygen enriched blood into blood vessels & onto all body tissues. • Collect blood low in oxygen from the body & pump it to the lungs to get more oxygen pg 30

  4. Heart

  5. Anatomy of heart 4 chambers: • Upper - left atrium & right atrium - receive blood from body & lungs • Lower - left & right ventricles - pump blood to the body & lungs • Septum divides left and right sides of heart

  6. Anatomy (cont’d) 3 layers • Epicardium - outer layer • Myocardium – muscular middle layer • Endocardium – inner layer NB: pericardium – sac that surrounds heart pg 31

  7. Heart valves Stop blood flowing backwards • Tricupsid valve– between right artrium & right ventricle • Mitral valve– between left atrium & ventricle • Aortic valve – between left ventricle & aorta

  8. Blood vessels • Arteries – carry blood away from heart to body & lungs • Veins – bring blood form body & lungs back to the heart • Capillaries – tiny blood vessels and connect arteries to veins where O2 & CO2 is exchanged

  9. Word components

  10. Blood circulation • Occurs in a figure 8 • Blood Pressure systolic reading - pressures on arteries during contraction diastolic reading – pressures on arteries on relaxation • Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures Blood Pressure (abbrev - BP)

  11. AORTA PULMONARY ARTERY PULMONARY VEINS TRICUSPID VALVE PERICARDIUM MYOCARDIUM INFERIOR VENA CAVA Right Left

  12. Coronary circulation • Although heart is continually pumping blood it needs its own blood supply for the heart muscle to work • arteries and veins supply heart with blood rich in oxygen take away blood low in oxygen ie coronary circulation pg 33

  13. Diseases & Disorders • Angina pectoris • Arrhythmia • Bradycardia • Cardiology • Embolism • Endocarditis • Ischaemia pg 34

  14. Abbreviations • ABE – Acute bacterial endocarditis • ABG – Arterial blood gas • AMI – Acute Myocardial Infarction • CABGs – Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts • CCF – Congestive Cardiac Failure • ECG - Electrocardiogram

  15. Symptomatic Terms • Cyanosis • Angiospasm • Arrhythmia • Ischaemia • tachycardia

  16. Diagnostic Terms • Aneurysm – ballooning of an artery • Angina pectoris – pain in centre of chest • Atherosclerosis – hardening of arteries due to fatty deposits • Coarctation – congenital narrowing of aorta • Hypoxia – lack of oxygen in tissues • Mitral stenosis – narrowing of mitral vavle • Thrombophlebitis – inflammation of wall of vein with assoc.blood clot

  17. Operative Terms • Anastamosis • Atherectomy • Cardiectomy • Defibrillation • Endarterectomy • transplantation

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