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The Protestant Reformation: A Transformative Movement in Christianity

Explore the Protestant Reformation, a pivotal shift in Christianity sparked by figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII. Discover its causes, impact on society, and the birth of Protestantism as a response to the corruption within the Catholic Church. Learn about Luther's 95 Theses, Calvin's Calvinism, and Henry VIII's break from Rome to establish the Church of England. Unveil the diverse branches of Protestantism and understand how this movement forever changed the religious landscape in Europe.

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The Protestant Reformation: A Transformative Movement in Christianity

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  1. The Protestant Reformation

  2. What was the Protestant Reformation? • The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church • The Reformation caused a split in Christianity

  3. CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

  4. Causes of the Reformation • Questioning attitude that developed during the Renaissance. • The Corruption within the Catholic Church • Black Death

  5. The Reformers • Martin Luther • John Calvin • Henry VIII

  6. Martin Luther • Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany • The reformer that started it all! • The Main Name of the Reformation.

  7. Martin Luther • He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven • He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort • In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

  8. ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall live by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

  9. Luther's 95 Theses • A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) • He criticized: • The Power of the Pope • The Extreme Wealth of the Church • Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

  10. Luther's 95 Theses • Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs • Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany • Gained support from people and criticism from Church

  11. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. • This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

  12. Luther on Trial • The Diet of Worms • 1520 Pope Leo X ordered Luther to give up his beliefs • Luther burned the order and was excommunicated • Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

  13. Pope Leo X (Medici) • He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

  14. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

  15. Acceptance of Reforms • Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas • Lutheranism was formed • Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms • The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

  16. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

  17. John Calvin • Anti-Catholic • Influenced by Martin Luther • Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” • Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland - Calvinism

  18. Predestination • Calvin believed in: • Salvation through Predestination • At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

  19. Calvin believed in: • Foreknowledge • God knows everything that will happen in your life • Purified approach to life: • No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

  20. CALVINISM • Started in Switzerland – Calvinists • England = Puritans • Scotland = Presbyterians • Holland = Dutch Reform • France = Huguenots • Germany = Reform Church

  21. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

  22. Henry VIII

  23. Henry VIII – King of England • In his early life he was known as the “Defender of the Catholic Church” • He was married to Catherine of Aragon (Spain) • She was actually married to Henry’s older brother, but his brother died • Catherine was then married to Henry

  24. Catherine only gave him a daughter and he wanted a son to take over the rule of his kingdom. • He claimed that his marriage to Catherine was not his choice and he wanted the Pope to grant him a divorce. • The Pope refused.

  25. So Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and created the Church of England with the King as the head of the church. • The 6 wives of Henry VIII – Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived.

  26. Anne Boleynm. 1533 - 1536Executed Jane Seymourm. 1536 - 1537Died Catherine of Aragonm. 1509 - 1533Divorced Anne of Clevesm. 1540 Jan. - JulyDivorced Kathryn Howardm. 1540 - 1542Executed Katherine Parrm. 1543 - 1547Widowed

  27. Reformation Addendum • Thomas More’s book Utopia – Church was upset because if this world could be perfect, there would be no need for Heaven. • Peace of Augsburg • “Peace treaty” between Catholicism and Protestantism

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