INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1. INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • 26. February.2014 wednesday • Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.

2. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • transports fluids throughout the body. • the heart and blood vessels make up the blood transportation network, the cardiovascular system.

3. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Heart pumps blood throughout the body • Blood vessels, closed network of tubes, transport the blood. • 3 types of blood vessels • Arteriestransport blood away from the heart. • Veinstransport blood toward the heart. • Capillariesconnect the arteries and veins. • where oxygen, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged within the tissues.

4. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Arteries in 3 classes • accordingto • Amount of smoothmuscles & elasticfibers @ tunicamedia • Size of thevessel • Itsfunction • Large • elasticarteries • 2. Medium • musculararteries • 3. Small arteries and arterioles

5. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Large elastic arteries • Toomuchelasticfibers @ tunicamedia • Expansion andrecoilandconstantbloodflowtotheheart • An example aorta

6. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Medium muscular arteries • Smoothmuscles @ tunicamedia • Regulation of thediameter of vesselsandcontrol of theflowtotheparts of the body. • An exampleradialartery

7. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Small arteries and arterioles • control the filling of the capillaries • contribute to the arterial pressure in the vascular system.

8. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Veins into three classes Large veins thickest layer tunica externa superior vena cava & inferior vena cava Small and medium veins small amounts of smooth muscle superficial veins in the upper and lower limbs deeper veins of the leg and forearm Venules smallest veins drain the capillaries

9. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Walls of the blood vessels consist of three layers or tunics tunica externa (adventitia) outer connective tissue layer tunica mediamiddle smooth muscle layer tunica intimainner endothelial lining of the blood vessels

10. Leftheart (Pumping) well- oxygenated (arterial) blood fromthelungs pulmonaryveins leftatriumleftventricle aorta the body Right heart (Suction) poorly- oxygenated(venous) blood fromthe body superior vena cava & inferior vena cava rightatriumrightventricle pulmonaryarteries lungs

11. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • The main artery in the body aorta. • Arteries have also branches themselves.

12. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Blood flow in arteries Blood flow in veins

13. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Arterieshavebranches • Arteriesfromtheartery • Veinshavetributaries • Veinsdrainintoveins Somearteriesdividedintopartbydistinctmuscles! maxillaryartery

14. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System anastomosis stoma= mouth

15. Lymphatic system a network of lymphatic vessels Thesevesselstaketheexcesstissuefluidlymph from the body's intercellularfluid compartment returns it to the bloodstream.

16. Lymphatic system lymph lymphvessels regional lymph nodes larger lymph nodes venous system Right heart Final destination

17. Functions of the Lymphatic system • to maintain the pressure and volume of the interstitial fluid and blood • by returning excess water & dissolved substances from the interstitial fluid to circulation • 2) lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues • site of clonal production of immunocompetent lymphocytes & macrophages • in the specific immune response

18. GREAT VESSELS right & left brachiocephalic veins formedbytheunion of internal jugular & subclavian veins posterior to the sternoclavicular (SC) joints. brachiocephalic veins unite to form the SVC. @ inferior border of the 1st right costal cartilage shunt blood from the head, neck, & upper limbs right atrium.

19. superior vena cava (SVC) • Returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm • except the lungs & heart. • Passes inferiorly and ends by entering right atrium of the heart.

20. ascending aorta • begins at the aortic orifice. • only branches coronary arteries, arising from the aortic sinuses. ascendingaorta

21. Arch of the aorta (Aorticarch) curved continuation of the ascending aorta • begins posterior to the 2nd right sternocostal (SC) joint at the level of the sternal angle. • ligamentumarteriosumremnant of the fetal ductusarteriosus • root of the left pulmonaryarteryinferior surface of the arch of the aorta • The usual branches of the arch • brachiocephalic trunk • left common carotid artery • left subclavian artery.

22. brachiocephalic trunk first and largest branch of the arch of the aorta • arises posterior to the manubrium. • ascends superolaterally • divides into right common carotid &right subclavian arteries.

23. left commoncarotIdartery second branch of the arch of the aorta • arises • posterior to the manubrium, • slightly posterior and to the left of the brachiocephalic trunk.

24. left subclavian artery third branch of the arch of the aorta • arises from the posterior part of the arch • posterior to left common carotid artery. • ascends lateral to trachea & left common carotid artery. • Leaves the thorax and enters the root of the neck.

25. Abdominal aorta