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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Hydrocarbons contain carbon and hydrogen. If all the bonds on the carbon atoms are single bonds, then the hydrocarbon is a Saturated Hydrocarbon. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. They only contain single bonds. Alkanes.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry • Hydrocarbons contain carbon and hydrogen. • If all the bonds on the carbon atoms are single bonds, then the hydrocarbon is a Saturated Hydrocarbon. • Alkanesare saturated hydrocarbons. • They only contain single bonds.

  2. Alkanes • Have the general formula CnH2n+2 (where n= the number of carbon atoms). • When naming them, the name ends in –ane. • All the carbons are bonded to 4 other atoms.

  3. Example 1: Draw: 3-ethylheptane

  4. Example 2: • Draw: 2,7-dimethylnonane

  5. Example 3: • Draw: 4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane

  6. Example 4: 3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane

  7. Cycloalkanes • All single bonds between the carbon atoms. • Have the general formula CnH2n • The ends of the carbon chain have bonded together to form a “ring” of carbons (lose 2 hydrogen atoms when this happens).

  8. Examples: Draw: cyclobutane 1,3-dimethylcylcopentane 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-propylcyclobutane

  9. Rules for naming: 1) Find the parent chain (the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms); helpful to circle or put a box around the parent chain. 2) Number the carbon atoms on the parent chain so that the branches get the lowest combination of numbers; you can number it left to right or right to left. 3) Name the branches with –yl ending; if there are multiple of the same branch, use a prefix with the branch (di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-) 4) Put the branches with their # in alphabetical order. 5) The parent chain name goes at the end and ends in –ane.

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