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Diversity of Benthic Animals

Diversity of Benthic Animals. Categories of Benthic Animals. >1 mm macrobenthos <.1 mm microbenthos Between .1 and 1 mm meiobenthos. Major Taxonomic Groups of Benthos. Porifera Coelenterata Hydrozoa Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Gastrotricha Rotifera Nematoda Bryozoa. Annelida

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Diversity of Benthic Animals

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  1. Diversity of Benthic Animals

  2. Categories of Benthic Animals • >1 mm macrobenthos • <.1 mm microbenthos • Between .1 and 1 mm meiobenthos

  3. Major Taxonomic Groups of Benthos • Porifera • Coelenterata • Hydrozoa • Platyhelminthes • Turbellaria • Gastrotricha • Rotifera • Nematoda • Bryozoa • Annelida • Oligochaeta • Hirundinella • Mollusca • Gastropoda • Pelecypoda • Arthropoda • Crustacea • Insecta

  4. Major Functional Groups of Benthos Functional Feeding Groups • Predators • Omnivores • Collectors • Filtering Collectors • Gathering Collectors • Scrapers • Shredders • Piercers Habitat & Behavior • Clinger • Climber • Sprawler • Burrower • Swimmer

  5. Hilsenhoff Biotic Index 1929-2011

  6. Porifera • Spongilla (5)

  7. Coelenterata • Hydrozoa • Hydra (5) • Craspedacusta

  8. Platyhelminthes • Turbellaria • Dugesia (6)

  9. Gastrotricha

  10. Rotifera • Bdelloid rotifers

  11. Bryozoa • Plumatella • Pectinatella • statoblast

  12. Annelida • Oligochaeta (e.g. Tubifex; 10)

  13. Annelida • Hirundinella • Hirudo (6) • Glossiphonia (8)

  14. Mollusca, scr • Gastropoda • Physa (8) • Helisoma (6) • Pleurocera (6)

  15. Mollusca, c-f • Pelecypoda (Bivalvia) • Corbicula (6) • Dreissena (8) • Sphaerium (6)

  16. Mollusca, c-f • Pelecypoda (Bivalvia) • Elliptio (8) • Lampsilis (6)

  17. Aquatic Arachnid Arthropods, prd • Water Mites (e.g. Arrenurus, 6) • Fishing Spiders (e.g. Dolomedes)

  18. Benthic Crustacean Arthropods • Copepoda • Ostracoda • Isopoda • Amphipoda • Decapoda

  19. Benthic Copepods • Harpacticoida (8)

  20. Ostracoda, c-g • Seed Shrimp (e.g. Cypria, 8)

  21. Isopoda, c-g • Aquatic sow bugs (e.g. Asellus, 8)

  22. Amphipoda, c-g • Side swimmers or scuds • Hyalella (8) • Gammarus (4-6)

  23. Decapoda, c-g • Crawfish (e.g. Orconectes) (6) • (Procambarus) • Glass Shrimp (e.g. Natania)

  24. Orders of Aquatic Insects and Collembola • Collembola -spring tails • Plecoptera –stoneflies • Ephemeroptera –mayflies • Odonota –dragonflies and damselflies • Hemiptera –true bugs • Megaloptera – dobsonflies (hellgrammites) • Neuroptera –spongillaflies • Coleoptera –beetles • Trichoptera –caddisflies • Diptera –flies, mosquitoes, and midges

  25. Collembola (5-10), c-g

  26. Plecoptera • Winter and Spring Stoneflies • Broadbacks (e.g. Taeniopteryx, 2) shr • Slender Winter Stoneflies (e.g. Capnia, 1-3) shr)

  27. Plecoptera • Summer Stoneflies • Giant Stoneflies • Pteronarcys (0) shr • Common Stoneflies • Perla (0-4) prd

  28. Ephemeroptera • Suborder Schistonota • Minnow-Like Mayflies • Ameletus (0) c-g • Isonychia (2) c-f • Baetis (4-6) c-g

  29. Ephemeroptera • Suborder Schistonota • Flatheaded Mayflies • Epeorus (0) scr

  30. Ephemeroptera • Suborder Schistonota • Pronggills • Leptophlebia (4) c-g • Burrowers • Ephemera (2) c-g

  31. Ephemeroptera • Suborder Pannota • Crawlers • Ephemerella (0-1) c-g • Squaregills • Caenis (6-7) c-g • Shellbacks • Baetisca (3-4) c-g

  32. Odonata • Zygoptera (Damselflies) • Broadwinged damselfly • Calopteryx (6) prd • Spreadwinged damselfly • Lestes (6) prd

  33. Odonata • Aeshnoid Dragonflies • Graybacks, Clubtails, & Darners • Aeshna (3-5) prd

  34. Odonata • Biddies or Spiketails • Cordulegaster (3) prd

  35. Odonata • Skimmers • Epitheca (2-5) prd • Sympetrumprd (2 or 9 family)

  36. Hemiptera, prd • Backswimmers (Notonectids) • Buenoa • Notonecta

  37. Hemiptera, prd • Water Scorpions (e.g. Nepa) • Giant Water Bugs (e.g. Belostoma)

  38. Hemiptera, prd • Water Boatman (Corixids – e.g. Sigara, 3-5) • Water Striders (e.g. Gerris)

  39. Megaloptera, prd • Alderflies (e.g. Sialis, 4) • Dobsonflies (e.g. Corydalus, 4)

  40. Neuroptera, prd • Spongillaflies (e.g. Climacea) • (5)

  41. Coleoptera • Crawling Water Beetles (e.g. Haliplus, 5) shr • Predaceous Diving Beetles (e.g. Dytiscus, 5) prd

  42. Coleoptera • Whirligig Beetles (e.g. Gyrinus, 4) prd • Water Scavenger Beetles (e.g. Berosus, 4) c-g

  43. Coleoptera • Water Pennies (e.g. Psephenus, 4) scr • Riffle Beetles (e.g. Stenelmis, 5) scr

  44. Trichoptera • Net Spinning Caddisflies • Fingernail netspinners (e.g. Chimarra 2-4) c-f • Nettube Caddis (e.g. Psychomyia, 2) c-g

  45. Trichoptera • Net Spinning Caddisflies • Trumpetnet Caddis (e.g. Polycentropus, 6) prd • Common Netspinners (e.g. Hydropsyche, 0-6) c-f

  46. Trichoptera • Free-living Caddisflies • Rhyacophila (0-1) prd • Hydroptila (6) scr

  47. Trichoptera • Tubecase Makers • Humpless Case Makers (e.g. Brachycentrus, 0-1) c-f • Northern Case Makers (e.g. Limnephilus, 3) shr

  48. Trichoptera • Tubecase Makers • Lepidostomid Case Makers (e.g. Lepidostoma, 1) shr • Strongcase Makers (e.g. Psilotreta, 0) scr

  49. Trichoptera • Tubecase Makers • Snailcase Makers (e.g. Helicopsyche, 3) scr • Longhorned Case Makers (e.g. Nectopsyche, 3) shr

  50. Diptera • Crane Flies (e.g. Tipula, 6) shr • Phantom Crane Flies (e.g. Bittacomorpha, 9) c-g

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