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California, 1840s-50s Australia, 1850s British Columbia, 1850s, 1870s

kirsten-horn
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California, 1840s-50s Australia, 1850s British Columbia, 1850s, 1870s

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  1. "California Gold Diggers, Mining Operations on the Western Shore of the Sacramento River," lithograph published by Kellogg & Comstock, New York and Hartford [c. 1849-52]. 26 cm x 36 cm. Courtesy of the Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

  2. California, 1840s-50s • Australia, 1850s • British Columbia, 1850s, 1870s • The Inter-Mountain US West, 1850s-1870s (silver too) • South Africa, 1870s-80s (diamonds too) • Chile & Argentina, 1880s-1890s • Colorado, 1890s • Klondike, 1890s-1900s – Yukon, Alaska • Western Australia, 1890s • Ontario, Canada, 1900s-1910s • Note that some were famous beyond the scale of the gold found, such as the Klondike in the 1890s; others are little known, but produced huge quantities of gold, such as the Porcupine Gold Rush in Ontario, 1909-1911.

  3. The Great Gold Rush Era Globally, 1848-1929 • Were gold rushes quintessentially American? What are reasons to say yes or no? • What characterized gold rushes globally? What notable forms of difference were there among them? • Is the story more British, and less American, from a global point of view? Edwin Stockqueler, An Australian Gold Diggings, c. 1855

  4. Context • Gold in history • Silver in the early modern era • Uniqueness of the era, 1840s-1920s • Technology • Connection to global economic growth • Global migration • Free trade liberalism • Comparatively open borders • Western global dominance • British values of economic liberty/order vs. U.S. republican democracy • Was the gold rush vision “liberal” (i.e., classic liberal) and not American • Waning of new discoveries of gold fields combined with the onset of the Great Depression • Post-World War II context • Diamonds in Africa "The Rhodes Colossus" – cartoon by Edward Linley Sambourne, published in Punch after Rhodes announced plans for a telegraph line from Cape Townto Cairo in 1892.

  5. Gold Rushes and Frontier Theories • How do the various frontier theories/models we’ve looked help illuminate gold rushes globally and locally? Merchant ships fill San Francisco harbor, 1850-51

  6. Further Reading/Resources • Robin Winks, The Myth of the American Frontier • David Goodman, Gold Seeking: Victoria and California in the 1850s • Donald Fetherling, The Gold Crusades • Kenneth Owens, ed., The California Gold Rush and the World • The West of the Imagination (VHS) • The West (PBS; VHS & DVD) • City of Gold (NFB, 1957), Narrated by Pierre Burton http://www.nfb.ca/film/city_of_gold/ • First Hand Accounts in California: • http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbhome.html

  7. http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/goldrush.html http://museumca.org/goldrush/

  8. http://www.mininghistory.asn.au/mining-history/

  9. http://bcheritage.ca/cariboo/contents.htm http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/bc150/rushtobc/index.html

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lab6gyWsMXo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dcsYMTyZcE&feature=related (Pierre Burton) “City of Gold (1950s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGxHHAX1nOY&feature=fvwrel http://www.nfb.ca/film/city_of_gold/

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