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Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2.

Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2. Five stages:. Open Pit mining Pit crusher 0.6% Cu Froth floatation 30% Cu Smelting 90.4% Cu Electrolytic refining 99.98% Cu. chalcopyrite. malachite. azurite. CuFeS 2 = chalcopyrite.

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Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2.

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  1. Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2.

  2. Five stages: • Open Pit mining • Pit crusher 0.6% Cu • Froth floatation 30% Cu • Smelting 90.4% Cu • Electrolytic refining 99.98% Cu

  3. chalcopyrite malachite azurite

  4. CuFeS2 = chalcopyrite. % Cu in pure chalcopyrite?

  5. % by mass = mass of element in 1 mole of compound x 100 Mr of compound % by mass = 64 x 100 = 35% 184 CuFeS2 Mr = 64+56+32+32 = 184

  6. Open Pit mining. Bingham Canyon Low grade copper Quantities huge Dynamite used Shavings tested Waste to tips

  7. Open Pit mining. • Noisy • Dusty • Leaves Open Pits • Waste tips.

  8. Pit crusher

  9. Pit crusher 0.6% Cu 2.5cm pieces

  10. Froth Floatation

  11. Froth Floatation

  12. Froth Floatation • Tailings 0.6% Collector (oil) molecules attach themselves to the chalcopyrite grains. The grains are now water-repellent. Air bubbles attract the grains. Froth produced and is pumped away to smelter. • Detergent • Oil • Water 30% concentrating

  13. Smelting • First stage involves • Silica • Oxygen • Concentrate • Cu2S made • Most important stage involves Cu2S / air / furnace • Cu2S(l) + O2(g)  2Cu(l) + SO2(g)

  14. Oxidised or reduced? Cu2S + O2 2Cu + SO2 reduced Cu +1 0 oxidised S -2 +4 O reduced 0 -2 What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide?

  15. What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide? Cu2S + O2 2Cu + SO2 Underline 1 mol 2 mol Moles in Mass in 160 128 Mass in question 1kg 0.800kg

  16. Smelting Acid rain Trees Sulphur dioxide made. Lakes H2SO4 30% 99.4%

  17. 99.4% 99.98% Electrolytic Refining The copper anodes are already 99.4% copper! The copper cathodes will be 99.98% copper!

  18. - Cathode Anode + Cu Cu2+ Cu2+ e- e- Cu Cu Cu2+ Cu e- e- Cu2+

  19. Describe what is happening at the anode. • Write an equation. • Is this oxidation or reduction? - Cathode Anode + Cu Cu2+ Cu2+ e- e- Cu Cu Cu2+ Cu e- e-

  20. Describe what is happening at the cathode. • Write an equation. • Is this oxidation or reduction? - Cathode Anode + Cu Cu2+ Cu2+ e- e- Cu Cu Cu2+ Cu e- e- Cu2+

  21. Write an equation. • Cu(s)  Cu2+(aq) + 2e- • Is this oxidation or reduction? • Oxidation - Cathode Anode + Cu Cu2+ Cu2+ e- e- Cu Cu Cu2+ Cu e- e-

  22. Write an equation. • Cu2+(aq) + 2e-  Cu(s) • Is this oxidation or reduction? • Reduction - Cathode Anode + Cu Cu2+ Cu2+ e- e- Cu Cu Cu2+ Cu e- e- Cu2+

  23. Five stages: • Open Pit mining • Pit crusher • Froth floatation • Smelting • Electrolytic refining

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