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Roman Government in the Republic

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Roman Government in the Republic

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    1. Roman Government in the Republic

    2. Periods of Roman History

    4. Cursus Honorum The Ladder of honors: Roman magistrates

    5. Quaestor Elected by comitia populi tributa Financial officer Age 31 20 (Sullas reform) Enrolled in Senate after term

    6. Aedile Aedes (temple) Elected by concilium plebis (plebeian - 2) Elected by comitia tributa (curule/patrician - 2) Age 36 Duties: Public buildings Archives Streets Traffic Water supply Markets Weights & Measures Grain supply Exact fines Public games* Public order Assist Tribunes

    7. Tribune of the Plebs Elected by concilium plebis Defend lives & property of plebeians Summon plebs to Assembly Veto laws Elections Senatus consultum NOT Interrex or dictator 287 BC: plebiscite binding on all citizens Can hold office ONLY once 10 elected annually

    8. Imperium Prerogative of higher office (praetor & above) Lictores Auspices Command army Life & death Immunity from lawsuits

    9. Lictores

    10. Fasces

    11. Fasces

    12. Washington Post

    13. $5 US Gold coin

    14. Praetor Prae-ire Age 39 8 elected annually Elected by comitia centuriata 6 lictors Judicial duties Summon senate Supervise defense of Rome Govern province after term Imperium

    15. Consul Age 42 2 elected annually Elected by comitia centuriata Enter office on March 15 367 BC: Licinium plebiscite 1 pleb elected annually 12 lictors Lead armies Direct Foreign Policy Govern province after term Eponymous Imperium

    16. Occasional Magistrates Censor Every 5 years 18 month term Duties: Review rolls of senate Enforce morality at Rome Dictator Constitutional office Times of emergency 6 month term Interrex When elections cannot be held Restore order 5 day term

    17. Assemblies Comitia Curiata Confirm appointments of magistrates Witness installation of priests Confer imperium on praetors & consuls Comitia Centuriata Summoned by magistrate with imperium Enact laws Elect praetors, consuls, censors Declare war and peace Inflict death penalty Meet in Campus Martius in military order

    18. Assemblies Comitia Plebis tributa Summoned by praetor, consul, tribune of plebs Meet in Forum Elect tribunes of plebs & plebeian aediles Trials for non-capital offences plebiscites Comitia populi tributa Convoked by praetor or consul Elect quaestors Elect curule aediles Elect military tribunes Laws Minor trials

    19. Senate: Membership Open to ex-quaestors and above 100,000 sesterces or above No freedmen No Sons of freedmen No morally depraved men No petty industrialists Latus clavus*

    20. Senate: term Serve for life Removed by censor Can be reinstated Special red shoes*

    21. Senate: Duties Advise magistrates Ratify deliberations of the people Invalidate laws Judge criminal and civil cases Advise internal and foreign policy Finance Religion legislation Criticize: Conduct of war Peace treaties Curule chair*

    22. Senate: Duties Treasury Supervise revenue & expenditures Fix levies Determine rate of tribute Regulate coinage Elect interrex Nominate dictator Choose and extend commissions

    23. Senate: Meetings Summoned by magistrate with imperium Summoned by tribune Meet in consecrated place Curia* Temple

    24. Roman Constitution Separation of Powers: Polybius 6.11-18

    25. Conflict of the Orders: Patricians vs. Plebeians

    26. Class Structure Wealth Freedom Roman Citizenship

    27. Patrician Patres Advise kings Romulus senators hereditary

    28. Plebeians Plebs Can become Patrician through Adoption Not allowed to Intermarry with patricians Hold public office Hold priesthoods Serve in senate

    29. Conflict of the Orders: Plebeian Advances 494 BC: withdraw military aid & Demand written law code 12 Tables (451 BC) tribune of the plebs 449 BC: plebiscita have force of law 5th century: plebeian censors & quaestors are elected Intermarriage with patricians is legalized 367 BC: plebiscita Liciniana Plebeian consul elected annually 287 BC: lex Hortensia Senate cannot veto plebiscite

    30. Expanded Aristocracy Nobiles Equestrians

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