Unit 7

1. Unit 7 Research into Population Genetics

2. Content BOOK 4 Unit 7 Presentation Detailed Study Consolidation Writing Assignment New Horizon College English

3. Presentation Presentation • Our topic today is “population genetics”. The topic may be a far cry from those we have ever discussed, but it has much to do with many aspects of our lives, such as our well-being, child bearing, and even breakthroughs in medicine. Now let’s proceed with our topic-centered lead-in:

4. Q1:What’s your definition of population genetics? • 1) A field of biology that studies the genetic composition; • 2) A st1) A field of biology that studies the genetic composition; • 2) A study of the changes in genetic composition; • 3) A research into what factors lead to the genetic changes; • 4) A construction of mathematical models of gene frequency dynamics; • 5) …

5. Presentation Q2: What’s the origin of population genetics? • 1) Darwin and his Origin of Species? • 2) The major mechanism of evoluti1) Darwin and his Origin of Species? • 2) The major mechanism of evolutionary change? • 3) Mendel and his theory of inheritance? • 4) The law of segregation (基因分离定律) …?

6. Presentation Q3: What major factors usually lead to genetic changes? • 1) Natural selection; • 2) Mutation; • 3) Random genetic drift; • 4) Migration into or out of the population; • 5) Changes to the mating patterns; • 6) …

7. Main Idea • As the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the level of their genes, the book The History and Geography of Human Genes made two remarkable contributions to science: There is no scientific basis for the genetic superiority of one race over any other one; and it creates the first genetic map of the world. In the process of collecting information for the book, however, scientists encountered great difficulties. The ultimate goal of their work is to remove racial prejudice

8. Structure • Part 1.(para. 1-2) No scientific basis for racial prejudice; creation of the first genetic map. • Part 2. (para. 3-4) For instance, people in a rural region of Africa refused to take blood out of their children. • Part 3. (para. 5-9) remarkable discoveries of the scientists • Part 4. (para. 10) The study’s aim is to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice.

9. BOOK 4 Detailed study Unit 7 Detailed Study of the Text New Horizon College English

10. Detailed study 1. discount v. think or say that sth. is not important or not true • eg. Much of what he says must be discounted; he imagines things. • 他说的许多话都是需要打折扣的，因为他 喜欢想像。 • Eg. He does not discount the possibility that the stress he was under affected his decision. • 他没有忽视这种可能性，即当时他所受的压力可能影响到他的决定。

11. Detailed study discount n. Students get a 15% discount on some theatre tickets.打八五折

12. Detailed study 2. feature v. • include a particular person or thing as a special feature • eg. This week’s broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence • 对…做特别报道 2) have an important part in sth. eg. A really good salary features highest on her list of what she wants from a job. 一份丰厚的收入是他最想从工作中得到的东西。

13. Detailed study 3. Sentence • As a result, we have got something extremely close to a global family tree—how the world populations are related to each other.

14. Detailed study 4. serve as: fullfil the purpose of.. • eg. The judge said that the fine would serve as a warning to other motorists…. • 这个罚金是对其它驾驶者的警告。 • In the absence of anything better the box would serve as a table. • 在没有更好的东西的情况下，这个箱子可以当做桌子用。

15. Detailed study 5. be confined to: be restricted or kept within certain limits or time • eg. Disasters of this sort were confined to neither traditionally flooded land nor the winter months. • 这种灾难不只发生在洪水泛滥的地区，也不只发生在冬季。

16. Detailed study 6. as of\ from: (used when a new rule, system, or situation will start) starting from • eg. The new timetable will come into effect as of January 2003. • 新的时间表将从2003年1月起生效。

17. Detailed study 7. confront v. • eg. They have confronted him with proof of his criminal activities. • 拿出他的犯罪证据与他当面对质。 • Opening the door, he found himself confronted by a dozen policemen with guns. • 发现十几个警察正用枪对着他。 • He prepared for the questions he expected to confront during the interview. • 在访谈中可能会遇到的问题

18. Detailed study 8. [Paraphrase] • One of the discoveries was right on the book’s cover, a color map of the world’s genetic change, showing that Australians are most distant from the Africans in genes.

19. Detailed study 9. Explanation of the phrase • prove the assumption wrong

20. Detailed study 10. resemble v. look like or be similar to another person or thing • eg. What she saw was the face of a stranger who resembled her. • bear resemblance to; take after sb. • （在长相或性格方面）像 • eg. Paul’s features bore a strong resemblance to his father’s. • The situation of the country bears little resemblance to that of our country.

21. Detailed study 11. in combination with: together with; in conjunction with • eg. By using persuasion in combination with threats, she achieved great political success. • 她采取利诱和威胁并用的方式，获得了政治上的巨大成功。

22. Detailed study 12. distinctive adj. having a quality or characteristic that makes sth. Different and easily noticed. • Eg. The building’s most distinctive feature is its enormous dome-shaped roof. • 最大的特色…

23. Detailed study distinct adj. clearly noticeable; that certainly exist 明显的，明确的 • Eg. There is a distinct smell of cigarettes every time he comes into the room. • 明显一股香烟味 • There is a distinctive smell in the room. • 特殊气味

24. Detailed study 13. exploit v. • 1) treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for oneself. • Eg. Although nobody wishes to be exploited with low wages and very difficult conditions, it is fankly better to find the ways and means of presenting yourself somehow, than not perform at all. • 尽管没有人愿意经受低工资和恶劣条件的剥削，但是想方设法去表现自己总比什么都不做要好得多。

25. Detailed study exploit v. • 2) use sth. well in order to gain as much from it as possible • eg. Russia could exploit its position as a major oil producer to push up world oil prices.

26. Detailed study 14. end n. aim or purpose • 目的，目标 • eg. Gain\ win\ achieve one’s ends • 达到目的

27. BOOK 4 Consolidation Unit 7 Translation New Horizon College English

28. Consolidation 1. 到现在为止，除了一个可疑的包裹，我们还收到了三封匿名的(anonymous)来自巴勒斯坦的信件 We have received three anonymous letters from Palestineto date, in addition to one suspicious package.

29. Consolidation 2. 他们的梦想仅仅是一个没有种族偏见的更加平等的社会。 Their dream was nothing less than a more equal society where there is no racial prejudice.

30. Consolidation 3. 他读莎士比亚的戏剧，他更喜欢现代音乐。 He read more than Shakespeare’s plays; he liked modern music.

31. Consolidation 4. 她说，他在上次选举中的命运将提醒所有的政治家，声望不是持久的。 His fate in the last election, she said, would serve as a reminder to all politicians that popularity does not last.

32. Consolidation 5. 事实上，只有勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上始终比他人有优势。 In effect, only hard work in combination with proper methods will always give you an advantage over others in study.

33. Consolidation 6. 技术本身，以及它的有效应用，不会局限于传统的科学主题。 Technology itself, and its effective use, is not to be confined to the traditional science subjects.

34. Consolidation 7. 既然这篇报告的真实性要打折扣，我不能给你发表。 • Since the truth of this report was discounted, I was not in a position to publish it for you.

35. Consolidation 8. 许多软件公司改变通用程序以适应新操作系统。 Many software companies have adapted general programs to the new operating system.

36. BOOK 4 Writing Unit 7 ※※※※ 写作模式 写作实践 Writing New Horizon College English

37. Writing Pattern of Writing General Statement Example(s) For your statement to be more acceptable to the reader, you choose to cite cases in point from your own experiences or observations in society.

38. Writing Example Collecting blood, particularly from ancient populations in remote areas, was not always easy. (General Statement) On one occasion, when Cavalli-Sforza was taking blood samples from children in a rural region of Africa, he was confronted by an angry farmer waving an axe. Recalls the scientist: “I remember him saying, ‘If you take the blood of the children, I’ll take yours.’ He was worried that we might want to do some magic with the blood.” (Example)

39. Writing Practice Topic: Sticking to high moral standards is easier said than done. Examples: • a young British sales manager selling cars • negotiations not going well • bribing the minister • inviting the minister to visit London • the deal approved

40. Writing Sample • General statement: Sticking to high moral standards is easier said than done. • Example: Once, a young British car sales manager who had just finished courses on business ethics was sent to sell cars to an African country. The negotiations had been going on for months without any real results. He was at his wits’ end. Finally, he hit upon a solution. One day he bought a popular novel and slipped a check of ￡20,000 in the book.

41. Writing Sample Then he presented it to the minister in charge of transportation. This minister examined its contents, pretending he didn’t see the check at all. Then he said with a smile: “Young man, I hear London is at its best in May.” The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied: “My company in London will be most honored to welcome your visit!” A short time later, the deal was approved in London!

42. Assignments Writing Practice • Topic: • All roads lead to Rome • Examples: • ● The story of Charlie Chaplin • ● Another case in point • [Chinese Outlines] • 1. 怎样理解“条条道路通罗马”？ • 2. 例如，······ • 3. 又如，······