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Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s. Who Would You Vote For?. Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude.

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Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

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  1. Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

  2. Who Would You Vote For? Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

  3. Who Did You Vote For? Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

  4. Where do you stand?

  5. What is your score?Stand on the line. Now- think about: • What is more important, individual rights or rights of the nation as a whole? • In times of crisis, how much control should be given to the police and military in a country? • Who should control the media (government or corporations)? • Can a government that has only one leader be effective?

  6. Totalitarianism • What is it? • When would it be useful?

  7. Totalitarianism • Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural) • Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) • Strict controls and laws • Military state (secret police, army, military) • Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) • Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) • One leader (dictator); charismatic • Total conformity of people to ideas and leader • Terror and Fear

  8. Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depressionduring 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control-For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Controlof State by aDictator

  9. Nazism Communism Fascism Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

  10. Communism • I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. • What is Communism? • LEFT WING • based on theory by Karl Marx • revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” • state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) • Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

  11. Fascism • I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. • What is Fascism? • RIGHT WING • intense nationalism and elitism • totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights • maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

  12. Nazism • I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. • What is Nazism? • extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party • belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” • belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe • Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

  13. Nazi Controls

  14. Nazi Military State • GESTAPO: the Secret State Police • SS(Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA • SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties • Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east • Wehrmacht: German army • HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth • Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units • Volk:all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

  15. “The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violenceagainst the Jewish community. This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

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