Conjugating a Third Conjugation Verb

1. Conjugating a Third Conjugation Verb duco ducere duxi ductus

2. All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts duco ducere duxi ductus First Person Singular Present ActiveI lead Present active Infinitive To lead First Person SingularPerfect ActiveI have led Perfect Passive ParticipleHaving been led

3. Finding the Present Stem Find the second principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi ductus The present stem is the second principal part – re. ducere - re = duce

4. Present Active Tense In the present active tense change e on the present stem to i and add the present active endings.Present stem = Ducere – re = duce duc e i Singular Plural we o I mus First Person Second Person tis you s you he, she,it Third Person t nt they Present Active Endings

5. Present Active I leadI am leadingI do lead First Person We leadWe are leadingWe do lead duc o duci mus Second Person You leadYou are leadingYou do leading You leadYou are leadingYou do lead duci tis duci s He leadsHe is leadingHe does lead Third Person They leadThey are leadingThey do lead duci t ducu nt Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular and the e changes to “u” in the third person plural.

6. Present Passive Tense In the present passive tense change “e” on the present stem to “i” and add the present active endings.Present stem = Ducere – re = duce Singular Plural First Person mur we or I mini you Second Person you ris he, she,it ntur they Third Person tur Present Passive Endings

7. Present Passive I am led We are led First Person duc or duci mur Second Person You are led duci mini duce ris You are led He is led They are led Third Person duci tur ducu ntur Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular,the “e” is retained in the second person singular and the “e” changes to “u” in the third person plural.

8. Imperfect Tense Present Stem + BA + Present Endings Imperfect Active Imperfect Passive duce ba m I led duce ba r I was led duce ba s You led duce ba ris You were led He led duce ba tur He was led duce ba t We led duce ba mur We were led duce ba mus You led duce ba mini You were led duce ba tis They were led They led duce ba ntur duce ba nt

9. Future Tense The sign of the future in the third declension is e. Future Active Future Passive duc a m I will lead duc a r I will be led duc e s You will lead duc e ris You will be led duc e tur He will be led duc e t He will lead duc e mur We will be led duc e mus We will lead duc e mini You will be led duc e tis You will lead They will be led duc e ntur duc e nt They will lead Nota Bene: There is an “a” in the first person singular

10. Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. duxi - i = dux

11. Perfect Active Tense The Perfect Active Tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings Singular Plural First Person imus we i I istis you Second Person you isti he, she,it erunt they Third Person it Perfect Active Endings

12. First Person dux i I ledI have ledI did lead dux imus We ledWe have ledWe did lead You ledYou have ledYou did lead Second Person dux istis dux isti You ledYou have ledYou did lead Third Person dux it dux erunt They ledThey have ledThey did lead He ledHe has ledHe did lead Perfect Active

13. Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings Pluperfect Active dux era m I had led dux era s You had led dux era t He had led dux era mus We had led You had led dux era tis dux era nt They had led

14. Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings Future Perfect Active dux er o I will have led dux eri s You will have led dux eri t He will have led dux eri mus We will have led You will have led dux eri tis They will have led dux eri nt

15. Perfect Passive System 1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP). duco, ducere, duxi, ductus. -a. -um 2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence. If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be ducta. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be ductae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be ductus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be ducti. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be ductum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be ducta.

16. Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Present Tense of Sum Perfect Passive ductus – a - um sum I have been led ductus – a - um es You have been led ductus –a -um est He has been led ducti –ae -a sumus We have been led You have been led ducti –ae –a estis They have been led ducti – ae -a sunt

17. Pluperfect Passive Tense PPP + imperfect Tense of Sum Pluperfect Passive ductus – a - um eram I had been led ductus – a - um eras You had been led ductus –a -um erat He had been led ducti –ae -a eramus We had been led You had been led ducti –ae –a eratis They had been led ducti – ae -a erant

18. Future Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Future Tense of Sum Future Perfect PassiveTense ductus – a - um ero I will have been led ductus – a - um eris You will have been led ductus –a -um erit He will have been led ducti –ae -a erimus We will have been led You will have been led ducti –ae –a eritis They will have been led ducti – ae -a erunt

19. The ______________ tense does not use the present stem. a. Future b. Past Perfect c. Imperfect d. Present next

20. Legere is the ______________ principal part of the word. a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth next

21. legisti can be translated _____________ a. You have chosen b. You were chosen c. You are chosen d. You will choose next

22. Acta est can be translated _____________ a. She had been driven b. She is driven c. She has been driven d. She will have been driven

23. Finis