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Introduction to Human Body Anatomy and Physiology

Explore the study of body structure and functions, from cells to organ systems. Learn about atoms, molecules, tissues, organs, and more. Discover the interconnectedness of the human body.

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Introduction to Human Body Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. An Introduction to the Human Body

  2. Anatomy • study of structure • relationships among structures • Derived from the Greek words: - Anatome - to dissect - Ana - apart - Tomy - cut

  3. Subdivisions of Anatomy • Examples: - gross anatomy (macroscopic) study of large body parts (muscles, bones, and internal organs) - histology (microscopic) study of cells and tissues requiring the use of a microscope

  4. Physiology • study of the functions of body parts and how they work together - physio - working - ology - study

  5. Subdivisions of Physiology • Examples: - neurophysiology - brain and nervous tissue - cardiac - heart - respiratory - lungs and trachea - reproductive - reproductive organs - renal - kidneys, bladder, and ureters - endocrine - endocrine organs

  6. Levels of Structural Organization • atoms • molecules • cells • tissues • organs • systems • organism

  7. Atoms • tiny building blocks of matter Examples of the most common atoms: carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) calcium (Ca) potassium (K) sodium (Na)

  8. atoms combine together to form molecules

  9. Molecules • chemical combination of 2 or more atoms • Examples of molecules: - proteins - carbohydrates - fats - vitamins

  10. Molecule ATP

  11. Cells • basic structural and functional units of an organism • cell groups have different structures • perform different functions • specialized structures within a cell are called organelles

  12. Cell

  13. Tissues • Four basic types of tissues in the human body: - epithelial tissue - muscle tissue - connective tissue - nervous tissue

  14. Epithelial Tissue - Skin

  15. Muscle Tissue

  16. Connective Tissue - Bone

  17. Nervous Tissue - Brain

  18. Tissues (cont.) • each cell within a tissue has a specific function • Examples: - parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) in stomach - mucous cells produce mucus

  19. Organs • structures composed of two or more tissue types • specific functions • recognizable shapes • Examples: - heart, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, etc.

  20. Organ

  21. Systems • several organs work together for a common purpose • Example: - digestive system includes many organs, each with its own function

  22. Organ System digestive system

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