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Answer the following questions in your notes:

Answer the following questions in your notes:.

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Answer the following questions in your notes:

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  1. Answer the following questions in your notes: • Why do you think that Britain developed steam power before China? Remember that China was a highly sophisticated country when Britain was going through the Dark Ages. What do you think was different about Britain’s history compared to China’s history that forced Britain (and Europe) to strive for advancements?

  2. Conditions between classes in traditional China • Gentry – landowners, literally held power of life and death over the peasants • When revolution occurs, what effect would the abuses of the gentry have?

  3. What happens when the last dynasty falls? • Dr. Sun Yat-sen • Educated in Hawaii • 3 Principles – What were they? • 1911 Revolution just “happens” Who fought beside him?

  4. What were Sun’s principles? • Nationalism – love and sacrifice for China • Democracy – government of the people • Livelihood – economic equality

  5. Sun creates republic by Jan 1, 1912 • No power or authority over provincial warlords • Revolution was mostly warlords realizing empire was weak

  6. Yuan Shi-kai • Dr. Sun was forced to hand power over to the most powerful general in an attempt to gain control of the country • Yuan changes the 3 year old republic into a dictatorship • Dr. Sun runs • Yuan dies 1916

  7. Sun Returns… • Yuan’s rule results in chaos – warlords take over and divide China • Which of the 3 principles are not being met? • Sun returns and forms the KMT, the Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, which gets help from Russia training political and military advisors • In 1921 he allowed Communist Party to join the KMT • Sun dies before realizing his dream for China

  8. Two leaders emerge

  9. Chiang Kai-shek • Head of the Koumintang or KMT or Nationalist party • Initially, under Dr. Sun’s leadership • Fought warlords and eventually turned on Communist party, (killed many)

  10. Mao Tse-dung • Head of the Chinese Communist Party or CCP • Initially, under Dr. Sun’s leadership in the early 1920s worked with Chiang • Sun dies in 1925 • Chaing’s policies lead Mao to Civil war

  11. Japanese Imperialism • Long March of Mao in 1934, (6-5,000 miles) • 130,000 people start it, less than 25,000 end it • Japan invades for the second time in 1937 to take control of coastal areas…why? • Opportunity knocks for Communists who have to help KMT defeat Japanese – weakens KMT and Chaing • Chaing fled with his govt. to Taiwan

  12. Why did the Communists Win? • (p.311 in Text)

  13. The Chinese have experienced imperialism from the Japanese and the West. How might this effect their attitude towards the rest of the world?

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