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2.02 Structure and Function of Cells

2.02 Structure and Function of Cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things. BACTERIA. PROKARYOTIC CELLS. BACTERIA. plasma membrane. cell wall. flagella. ribosomes. NO membrane-bound organelles. EUKARYOTIC CELLS.

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2.02 Structure and Function of Cells

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  1. 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.

  2. BACTERIA

  3. PROKARYOTICCELLS BACTERIA • plasma membrane • cell wall • flagella • ribosomes • NO membrane-bound organelles

  4. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

  5. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells ANIMAL Organelles small, specialized structures inside cells with specific functions PLANT

  6. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells OUTSIDE CELL BOUNDARIES INSIDE PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE flexible boundary separating the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment proteins phospholipids control what enters & leaves the cell helps maintain HOMEOSTASIS

  7. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL BOUNDARIES CELL WALL rigid structure found on the outside of the plasma membrane found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and some protists provides protection & additional support Cell Wall Plasma membrane cellulose

  8. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm clear, gelatinous fluid that fills the inside of the cell maintains shape of cell organelles suspended in it most cellular processes occur in the cytoplasm

  9. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus contains the DNA & controls what takes place inside of a cell surrounded by a membrane nuclear membrane also contains the nucleolus

  10. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus Nucleolus found inside the nucleus produces the ribosomes Chromatin found inside the nucleus DNA, genetic information chromatin chromosome

  11. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Ribosomes synthesize (make) proteins made of RNA attached to “rough” endoplasmic reticulum “free”, located in cytoplasm

  12. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Endoplasmic reticulum series of folded membranes, attached to nucleus; transport material throughout cell rough attached ribosomes make proteins shipped throughout cell smooth no ribosomes produce & store lipids detoxify poisons

  13. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Golgi apparatus (body) made of membranes – described as “stack of pancakes” packages, stores, & ships out materials such as proteins and lipids

  14. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Plasma membrane Proteins for use outside the cell Proteins for use within the cell Protein secretion Vesicles Figure 4.12 The Golgi Apparatus

  15. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Vacuoles and Vesicles membrane-bound structures temporary storage of food, water, enzymes, & other materials that enter / leave cell Lysosomes membrane-bound vesicle contains digestive enzymes breaks down waste, food, old organelles

  16. Plasma membrane Food particle taken in by phagocytosis Figure 4.13 Lysosomes Isolate Digestive Enzymes from the Cytoplasm Products of digestion Extracellular environment Golgi apparatus Primary lysosome Food particles digested

  17. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL ENERGY Mitochondria breaks down sugar molecules to produce energy cellular respiration outer inner has its own DNA has 2 membranes

  18. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL ENERGY Chloroplast photosynthesis captures light energy & converts it to chemical energy (sugar molecules) outer has its own DNA has 2 membranes inner they are green because the contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL

  19. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and support help move structures around within the cell thin fibers made of the protein actin long hollow cylinders made of the protein tubulin microfilaments microtubules

  20. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL MOVEMENT Flagella long, whip-like structure (“tail”) few in number (1 – 4) Cilia short, hair-like structures very numerous also used in feeding

  21. ANIMAL CELL mitochondrion 1. lysosome 4. Golgi apparatus 5. vesicle 12. rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) nucleolus 8. 7. 3. nucleus 9. smooth ER (no ribosomes) centrioles 11. microtubule 13. cytoplasm plasma membrane 2. 10. ribosome 6.

  22. PLANT CELL cell wall 1. 7. plasma membrane 10. Golgi apparatus ribosomes 4. 5. chloroplast smooth ER 6. nucleolus 9. nucleus 2. rough ER 11. central vacuole 12. mitochondria 3. cytoplasm 8.

  23. Structure and Function Nerve cells structure is well suited to carrying nerve impulses through the body.

  24. Structure and Function Red blood cells smooth disk shape is well suited to traveling through blood vessels.

  25. Structure and Function Muscle cells need a great deal of energy, so they have many mitochondria located in them.

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