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Changes in Korean population concentration in Osaka from the 1920s to the 1980s

Changes in Korean population concentration in Osaka from the 1920s to the 1980s. Taku FUKUMOTO (Research Fellow, Osaka City University). ‘Koreatown’ in Osaka. Cession of Southern Sakhalin in 1905. Establish- ment of Manchukuo in 1932. Annexation of Korea in 1910. 1937-

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Changes in Korean population concentration in Osaka from the 1920s to the 1980s

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  1. Changes in Korean population concentration in Osaka from the 1920s to the 1980s Taku FUKUMOTO (Research Fellow, Osaka City University) ‘Koreatown’ in Osaka

  2. Cession ofSouthernSakhalin in 1905 Establish-ment of Manchukuo in 1932 Annexation of Korea in 1910 1937- Second Sino-Japanese War 1941- Pacific War Annexation of Taiwan in 1897 South-East Asia Introduction: International Migration in East Asia in the Early 20th Century The expansion of Japanese imperialism

  3. Introduction: International Migration in East Asia in the Early 20th Century • Three types of migration • Japanese immigration to the colonial territories • The immigration of colonial nationals to Japan • Migration between occupied territories

  4. Koreans in Osaka

  5. Cheju-Osaka seaway opened The end ofthe W.W.II Annexation of Korea Changes in Korean Population in Osaka

  6. Formation and Expansion of Korean Concentrations Spatial distribution of Koreans in 1929 South sideof Yodo River eastern part south-western part

  7. Formation and Expansion of Korean concentration Spatial distribution of Koreans in 1938

  8. Differences in Employment Status The proportion of industrial workersin densely populated Korean districts

  9. Differences in Employment Status Businesses established byKoreans in 1937

  10. Relationship with Cheju Island • Relationship between Osaka and Cheju Island • A direct shipping route linking these areas was opened in 1923 • Most Koreans from Cheju resided in the eastern concentration

  11. Temporal Migration or Not? • The proportion of females increased throughout the 1930s • A portion of the Koreans who settled in Osaka moved back and forth between Japan and Cheju Island

  12. Repatriation in the Immediate Aftermath of WWII • Koreans rushed to designated repatriation ports • Most Korean migrants had no reason to stay in Japan • Over 90% of Koreans intended to repatriate in March, 1946

  13. The end ofthe W.W.II Repatriation in the Immediate Aftermath of W.W.II.

  14. Change of concentration after the end of the W.W.II. Spatial distribution of Koreans in 1947

  15. Damaged by air attacks

  16. Repatriation in the Immediate Aftermath of WWII • GHQ/SCAP-imposed export limits • currency (1,000yen) • goods (750lb.) • Who found it difficult to return? • Those whose home or businesses were less damaged by air attacks • Migrants who owned property

  17. Distribution of Korean entrepreneurs -17-

  18. A gradual increase in the number of Koreans residing in Postwar Osaka

  19. Repatriation in the Immediate Aftermath of WWII • “Illegal immigration” from Cheju Island • Unstable political and economic conditions in Korea • Continued existence of a migration channel between Cheju and Osaka

  20. Why Osaka’s Korean population began to increase in the 1950s? • Two core functions of ethnic networks • entrepreneurship (social capital) • encouraging migration • Internal migration from other prefectures

  21. Why Osaka’s Korean population began to increase in the 1950s? Spatial distribution of Koreans in 1995

  22. Concluding remarks • The key factors driving fluctuations in the concentrations of Koreans in Osaka • social factors • historical factors • political factors

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