Organizatat Nd rkomb tare

1. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Organizatat Nd�rkomb�tare Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM.Eur (PhD Candidate) bardhyl@hasanpapaj.com Semetri Veror, 2011

2. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Historiku Organizata e Par� Mbishtet�rore dhe Nd�rkomb�tare, me q�llim t� ruatjes s� paqes dhe siguris� n� Bot�! Propozimi i Presidentit t� SHBA-s� prej 14 pikash m� 8 Janar 1918 (Woodro� Wilson). (Aleatet fitues: UK, France, Russ. USA) Themeluar me Traktatet e Paqes �ilson's final plans for the League �ere strongly influenced by the South African Prime Minister, Jan Christiaan Smuts. In 1918 Smuts had published a treatise entitled The League of Nations: A Practical Suggestion. According to F.S. Crafford's biography on Smuts, �ilson adopted "both the ideas and the style" of Smuts.

3. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Konferenca e Paqes n� Paris 1919: Takimi i Fituesve t� Luft�s q� t� p�rcaktonin kushtet e paqes p�r Gjermanin� dhe vendet e tjera humb�se pas p�rfundimit t� luft�s n� 1918: P�rmbante nj� s�ri traktatesh t� cilat rip�rcaktuan �hart�n� Evrop�s dhe t� Bot�s si dhe p�rcaktuan detyrimet financiare p�r Gjermanin� N� qend�r t� Konferenc�s ishin �Tre t� M�dhenjt�, udh�heq�sit e tre fuqive m� t� m�dha: Presidentin �oodro� �ilson, USA, Kryeministrin David Lloyd George t� Britanis� s� Madhe, Kryeministrin e Franc�s Georges Clemenceau Si dhe Kryeministrin e Italis� Vittorio Orlando me t� cilin formohej �Kat�rshja e Madhe".

4. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Gjermania dhe Rusia nuk u ftuan n� k�t� konferenc�. P�r gjasht� muaj Parisi n� fakt ishte qendra e �Qeveris� Bot�rore�, ku paqeb�r�sit shp�rb�n� perandori t� d�shtuara dhe krijuan shtete t� reja. Rezultate m� t� r�nd�sishme p�rfshin�: Traktatin e paqes q� shpallte Gjermanin� fajtore, zvoglonte ushtrin� e saj, dhe ju k�rkua t� paguante fituesve t� gjitha d�met e luft�s. E njohur si �Klauzola e Fajtorit t� Luft�s� e p�rfshir� n� traktatin e Versaj�s (Versailles). U shp�rb� Perandoria Austro-Hungareze dhe u krijuan shtetet e reja, si dhe U KRIJUA LIDHJA E KOMBEVE.

5. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Konferenca e Paqes n� Paris 1919, p�rfshiu k�to kat�r traktate: Traktati i Versaj�s, 1919, 28 June 1919, Traktati i Sen-Zhermenit, 10 September 1919, (Austria) Traktati i Nejit (Neuilly), 27 November 1919, (Bulgaria) Traktati i Trianonit (Trianon), 4 June 1920, (Hungary) Traktati i Servit (S�vres), 10 August 1920; subsequently revised by the Treaty of Lausanne, 24 July 1923, (Ottoman Empire).

6. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Pra, e Themeluar nga Konferenca e Paqes n� Paris 1919 Kishte 26 shtete themeluese Numrin m� t� madh t� shteteve q� arriti t� kishte ishte 58! Lidhja e Kombeve veproi prej vitit 1920 � 1939 Formalisht u shua n� Prill t� vitit 1946 (pronat e saj i kaluan OKB)

7. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Organet e Lidhjes s� Kombeve Asambleja K�shilli i Lidhjes Sekretariati Gjykata Permanente e Drejt�sis� Nd�rkomb�tare (organ autonom i Lidhjes)

8. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Organet tjera t� Lig�s: the Disarmament Commission, the Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, the Mandates Commission, the International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation (precursor to UNESCO), the Permanent Central Opium Board, the Commission for Refugees, and the Slavery Commission.

9. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Shumica e tyre, pas LDB u transferuan n� OKB: ONP(ILO), the Permanent Court of International Justice (as the International Court of Justice), and the Health Organization (restructured as the �orld Health Organization)

10. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Asambleja: Kompetenca t� p�rgjithshme 3 p�rfaq�sues nga secili shtet, nj� vot�. Mbledhje t� Rregullta (�do shtator) dhe t� jasht�zakonshme P�rzierje e Kompetencave me K�shillin

11. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve K�shilli i Lidhjes 4 an�tar� t� p�rhersh�m Britania e Madhe, Franca, Italia, dhe Japonia M� von� u shtuan edhe Gjermani adhe BRSS Si dhe 4 t� p�rkohsh�m, p�r periudh� 1 � 3 vjet. M� von� u shtuan n� 11 (pas daljes s� Gjerm, Jap dhe Ital. nga Lidhja) Procedura e Vendim-marrjes �Unanimitet�!

12. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Lidhja e Kombeve D�shtoi: PSE? Statuti i Lidhjes s� Kombeve (unanimiteti � p�rdorimi i vetos) P�rzierja e Kompetencave mes K�shillit dhe Asambles� Qasja e vet shteteve an�tare (kalimi i ��shtjeve n� konferenca) Nuk arriti t� b�het Organizat� Universale (p�r t� cilin q�llim edhe ishte themeluar) Shtete t� r�nd�sishme mbeten jasht saj�.

13. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Lidhja e Kombeve Lidhja e Kombeve D�shtoi: PSE? SHBA nuk e ratifikoi Statutin e Lidhjes s� Kombeve (edhe pse Presidenti i SHBA kishte meritat kryesore p�r k�t� organizat�) BRSS ishte kryesisht jasht saj� (hyri 1934, u p�rjashtua n� 1939 � Konflikti me Finland�n) Gjermania po ashtu n� fillim ishte jasht saj� (meq� ishte humb�se e Luft�s dhe Lidhja ishte e fituesve) Gjermania hyri n� 1926 ama e l�shoi m� 1933 (Hitleri erdhi n� pushtet dhe donte shkatrrimin e sistemit t� Versaj�s)

14. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM

15. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during world war I. The key members of the Triple Entente were: the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire. USA (Zimmermann Telegram!) These other countries were also minor members of the Entente: Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania.

16. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM The Central Powers were composed of the following nations: Austro-Hungarian Empire: entered the war on 28 July 1914 German Empire (including German colonial forces): 1 August 1914 Ottoman Empire: secretly 2 August 1914; openly 29 October 1914 Kingdom of Bulgaria: 14 October 1915

17. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note) was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States. The proposal was declined by Mexico, due to a Civil war in the country, but angered Americans and led in part to a U.S. declaration of war in April

18. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Zimmermann's message was: "we intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. we shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN

19. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM The message came as a coded telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann, on January 16, 1917, to the German ambassador in washington, D.C., Johann von Bernstorff, at the height of world war I. On January 19, Bernstorff, per Zimmermann's request, forwarded the telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany on February 1, an act which German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg feared would draw the neutral U.S. into war on the side of the Allies.[1] The telegram instructed Ambassador Eckardt that if the U.S. appeared likely to enter the war, he was to approach the Mexican Government with a proposal for military alliance. He was to offer Mexico material aid in the reclamation of territory lost during the Mexican-American war (the Southeastern section of the area of the Mexican Cession of 1848) and the Gadsden Purchase, specifically the American states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Eckardt was also instructed to urge Mexico to help broker an alliance between Germany and the Japanese Empire. The Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British cryptographers of Room 40.[2] The revelation of its contents in the American press on March 1 caused public outrage that contributed to the U.S.'s declaration of war against Germany and its allies on April 6.

20. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Allies of world war II The Allies of world war II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second world war (1939�1945). Former Axis states contributing to the allied victory are not considered Allied states. The Allies became involved in world war II either because they had already been invaded, were directly threatened with invasion by the Axis or because they were concerned that the Axis powers would come to control the world.[1] The anti-German coalition at the start of the war (September 1, 1939) consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom.[2] After 1941, the leaders of the British Empire, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America, known as the "Big Three",[3] held leadership of the allied powers. France, before its defeat in 1940 and after Operation Overlord in 1944, as well as China[4][5][6] at that time, were also major Allies.[7] Other Allies included Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Union of South Africa and Yugoslavia.[8]

21. Bardhyl Hasanpapaj, LLM Allies of world war II During December, 1941, US President Franklin Roosevelt devised the name "United Nations" for the Allies. He referred to the Big Three and China as a "trusteeship of the powerful", and then later the "Four Policemen".[9] The Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942 was the basis of the modern United Nations (UN).[10] At the Potsdam Conference of July�August 1945, Roosevelt's successor, Harry S. Truman, proposed that the foreign ministers of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States "should draft the peace treaties and boundary settlements of Europe", which led to the creation of the Council of Foreign Ministers.[11]