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The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak. Islamic Heartlands in the Abbasid Eras. Abbasids build capitol in Baghdad Al-Mahdi (775-785) Shi’a unreconciled Succession not secure. Extravagance and Succession Disputes. Harun al-Rashid Son of al-Mahdi Flourishing of arts The Thousand and One Nights

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The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

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  1. The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

  2. Islamic Heartlands in the Abbasid Eras • Abbasids build capitol in Baghdad • Al-Mahdi (775-785) • Shi’a unreconciled • Succession not secure

  3. Extravagance and Succession Disputes • Harun al-Rashid • Son of al-Mahdi • Flourishing of arts • The Thousand and One Nights • Death followed by civil war • Al-Ma'mun • Sons built mercenary force • Out of control

  4. Imperial Breakdown andAgrarian Disorder • Civil unrest • Caliphs: • built lavishly & supported mercenaries • tax burden increased • agriculture suffered • Infra-structure collapsed

  5. Declining Position of Women • Seclusion, veil • Polygyny • More freedom for slave women

  6. Nomadic Incursions • Former provinces threaten Abbasids • Buyids, Persia • Take Baghdad, 945 • “Sultans” = victorious • Seljuk Turks • 1055, defeat Buyids • Sunnis • Purged Shi’a officials • Defeated Byzantines & Egyptians

  7. Crusades • 1096, 1st Crusade • Middle East invaded by Christian knights • Small kingdoms established • 8 Crusades • Spanned 200 years • 3rd Crusade • Saladin vs. King Richard

  8. Impact of Crusades • Sparked: • greater trade w/ Europe • Animosity btwn. Christians & Muslims

  9. Age of Learning and Art • Urban growth • Merchants thrive • Baghdad, before destruction by Mongols:

  10. Flowering of Persian Literature • Persian the court language • Administration, literature • Arabic in religion, law, sciences • Calligraphy • Firdawsi • Shah-Nama

  11. Shah-Nama Epic poem • History of Persia • Often set to music • Inspired exquisite illustrations

  12. Flowering of Persian Literature • Omar Kayyan (Khayyam) • Rubaiyat • Blend of mystical & commonplace

  13. Achievements in Math Math • Built on Greek work • Al-Jabr • “algebra”

  14. Achievements in the Sciences • Chemistry • 1st to conduct experiments • Al-Razi’s classifications • animal, vegetable, mineral

  15. The Spread of Islam,10th-16th Centuries

  16. Achievements in the Sciences • Medicine • Hospitals • Courses of study

  17. Religious Trends and the New Push for Expansion • Sufis • Mysticism • Ulama • Conservative • Against outside influence • Greek philosophy rejected • Qur'an sufficient

  18. New Waves of Nomadic Invasions and the End of the Caliphate • Mongols • Chinggis Khan • Largest contiguous empire • 1258, Baghdad fell to Mongols • Last Abbasid killed

  19. Mongols conquering Baghdad

  20. Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization • Science, math, medicine, music, astronomy

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