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PARTICULATES WP 500

PARTICULATES WP 500. EMPA contribution WP 550 Investigation of sub-zero cold start effects. Tested vehicles. Gasoline: Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V Alfa 147, 2.0 TS 16 V Toyota Avensis (direct injected) Diesel: Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD Peugeot 406, 2.0 HDI/FAP (particle trap). Test Programme.

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PARTICULATES WP 500

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  1. PARTICULATESWP 500 • EMPA contribution • WP 550 Investigation of sub-zero cold start effects

  2. Tested vehicles • Gasoline: • Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V • Alfa 147, 2.0 TS 16 V • Toyota Avensis (direct injected) • Diesel: • Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD • Peugeot 406, 2.0 HDI/FAP (particle trap)

  3. Test Programme • Test cycles: • CADC (urban, road, highway) - warm starts • ACU - cold starts • NEDC (+23 °C only) • 50 km/h, 10 minutes • 120 km/h, 10 minutes • Temperatures: -20°C, -7°C, and 23°C • Lube oil temperatures for warm start: > 90°C • Tests per configuration: 2-3 • Fuel: • Gasoline: Artemis (~33 ppm S) • Diesel: Particulates D4 (~8 ppm S)

  4. Instrumentation • Wet branch • CPC/SMPS (TSI 3022) • DC (Matter LQ1) • Impactor (Dekati DGI) • Dry branch • ELPI (w/o filter stage) • CPC (TSI 3022A) • CVS • filter sampling for gravimetric analysis • Chemical analysis • SOF-INSOF: 57 filter pairs (from CVS) • PAH: 58 filter pairs (from CVS) (U. Stockholm)

  5. Set-up CPC 358 EMPA pump 2.69 lpm external pump 0.28 lpm TD Dekati Injector 1 Palas ELPI EMPA Gasdetector EMPA DGI Dekati PrimaryDiluter Volume DC EMPA Gasdetector EMPA Injector 2 664 Injector 3 EMPA pump 0.32 lpm pump 2.09 lpm CPC 358 EMPA DMA EMPA

  6. Tested vehicles Set-Up

  7. Porous tube - dilution ratioCADC Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V Gasoline

  8. Porous tube - dilution ratioCADC • Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel

  9. Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V Gasoline • Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD • Diesel accumulated % over ACU-20°C

  10. Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V Gasoline • Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD • Diesel accumulated % over CADC-20°C

  11. CADC Renault Mégane, Gasoline single test runs 23°C -7°C -20°C

  12. 23°C -7°C -20°C CADC Ford Galaxy, Diesel single test runs

  13. 23°C -7°C -20°C 120 km/h Renault Mégane, Gasoline

  14. 23°C -7°C -20°C 120 km/h Renault Mégane, Gasoline

  15. 23°C -20°C Ford Galaxy, Diesel120 km/h

  16. 23°C -20°C Ford Galaxy, Diesel120 km/h

  17. Gravimetry CVS for ACU Bag 1 Bag 2 Bag 3 Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V Gasoline

  18. Gravimetry CVS for ACU • Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel

  19. DGI - ACU -20°C -7°C 23°C Renault Mégane, 1.6 16V Gasoline

  20. DGI - ACU -20°C -7°C 23°C • Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel

  21. Closing remarks: • dilution ratio not stable • weak sensitivity of DC for nucleation • temperature effect seems not always consisting • gasoline: strong effect of cold start temperature no effect for steady states • diesel: almost no effect on temperature at all • nucleation only for gasoline at cold starts and high speeds

  22. Conclusions (3/4)

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