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GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES

GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. The “ Gerundive of Obligation ” is used with a form of “sum” and called, “ The Passive Periphrastic ” ex. mihi effuge nd um est . “I must flee.” TRANSLATIONS: gerundive + sum = “ must (be) ” gerundive + eram = “ had to (be) ”

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GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES

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  1. GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES The “Gerundive of Obligation” is used with a form of “sum” and called, “The Passive Periphrastic” ex. mihieffugendumest. “I must flee.” TRANSLATIONS: gerundive + sum = “must (be)” gerundive + eram = “had to (be)” gerundive + ero = “will have to (be)/must (be)” The Gerundive can also be used with an Infinitive in an Indirect Statement. TRANSLATION: gerundive + esse = “must” gerundive + fuisse = “had to” gerundive + futurumesse= “will have to” NOTA BENE: GERUNDIVES must MODIFY a NOUN in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE. If is doesn’t, it is a………..

  2. GERUNDS • DEFINITION – verbal NOUN; • TRANSLATION - “verbing” • e.g. Running is tiring.** • e.g. We love dancing! • e.g. By overeating, you get fat. • FORMS – genitive, dative, accusative, ablative… SINGULAR, 2nd DECLENSION!!! • ex. amō, amāre, amavī, amatus – to love • Nominative – use an infinitive** (“running” is the subject i.e. Nom.) • Genitive – amandī • Dative – amandō • Accusative – amandum • Ablative – amandō • Go back to the ENGLISH examples above and determine the case for the GERUND in each sentence. ANSWERS…………………………………..

  3. FORMS AND TRANSLATIONS • 1. nominative – thus an infinitive is used: currere (in Latin, we don’t have a nominative gerund so we use an infinitive instead. (ex. errareesthumanum. – To Err is human. Or Making a mistake is human) • 2. accusative – saltandum • 3. ablative (by) – cenandō TRANSLATIONS: SAME AS NOUNS!!!! BASED ON THE CASE OF THE NOUN!!!!! PRACTICE:Translate and give the case of each gerund. • Bethadiscitfaciendō. • Samuelusamatcurrendum. • Margareta amoremlegendīhabet. • nuncest tempus dicendō, sedubidoceo, est tempus tacendō.

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