Purpose Clauses and Gerundives

1. Purpose Clauses and Gerundives Stage 26

2. You have recently seen the following sentences: • tertiā hōrā Sīlānus mīlitēs in ōrdinēs longos īnstrūxit, ut Agricolam salūtārent. • At the third hour, Silanus drew the soldiers into long lines in order to greet Agricola. • Agricola ad tribūnal prōcessit ut pauca dīceret. • Agricola proceeded to the platform to say a few things. • These are called Purpose Clauses.

3. Purpose Clauses • Purpose clauses show the purpose for which an action is done (well, duh, right?). • Purpose clauses are translated with the phrasing “in order to,” “for the purpose of,” or just “to verb” depending on context.

4. Forming Purpose Clauses • Purpose clauses are formed in the following way: independent + ut + dependent clause with clause a verb in the subjunctive

5. Examples • Some more examples: • Omnes cives ad silvam contenderunt ut leonem mortuum spectarent. All the citizens hurried to the woods in order to look at the dead lion. • Dominus stilum et ceras poposcit ut epistulam scriberet. The master demands a stylus and wax in order to write a letter. • Rex iter ad fontem fecit ut aquam sacram biberet. The king made a journey to the spring for the purpose of drinking the sacred water.

6. Gerundives • Previously you have seen sentences expressing necessity formed like this: • Necesse est vobis laborare. • It is necessary for you to work. (Or, You must work.) • Here is another way of expressing necessity: • Vobis laborandum est. • You must work. • This is called a gerundive.

7. Recognizing Gerundives • Gerundives can be recognized by the nd in the verb: • vobis laborandum est. • nobis currendum est.

8. The construction of a gerundive + est is called a gerundive of obligation OR a passive periphrastic. • Your book does not talk about these terms yet, but since I know you can handle it, I am teaching them to you now. • This construction shows necessity or obligation. Translate it using must.

9. Examples: • mihi fugiendum est. I must flee. • nobis ambulandum est. We must walk. • tibi hic manendum est. You must stay here. • servis diligenter laborandum est. The slaves must work diligently. • omnibus civibus tacendum est quod sacerdotes appropinquant. All citizens must be silent because the priests are approaching. • si Imperatorem videre volunt, eis festinandum est. If they want to see the emperor, they must hurry.