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SISTEM RANGKA

SISTEM RANGKA. Disediakan oleh: ABDUL LATIF AHMAD IPTHO. TISU RANGKA. FUNGSI. ANATOMI. PEMBENTUKAN TULANG: Pertumbuhan Homeostasis Senaman. KECELARUAN. PERTUMBUHAN & PENUAAN. Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Istilah medik. Sokongan Perlindungan Pergerakan Mineral Sel darah

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SISTEM RANGKA

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  1. SISTEM RANGKA Disediakan oleh:ABDUL LATIF AHMADIPTHO

  2. TISU RANGKA FUNGSI ANATOMI • PEMBENTUKAN TULANG: • Pertumbuhan • Homeostasis • Senaman KECELARUAN PERTUMBUHAN & PENUAAN • Osteoporosis • Osteomalacia • Istilah medik • Sokongan • Perlindungan • Pergerakan • Mineral • Sel darah • Simpanan lemak • Pertumbuhan • mesoderm • mesenchyme • limb buds • notochord • Penuaan KASAR MIKROSKOPIK • Diaphysis • Epiphysis • Metaphysis • Articular cartilage • Periosteum • Medullary cavity • Jenis sel (4) • Osteons: • canal • lacunae • canaliculi • Jenis tulang: • spongy • compact JENIS HOMEOSTASIS SENAMAN • Kepanjangan, ketebalan • Faktor penyebab • mineral • vitamin • hormon Intramembranous Endochondral Patah Pemulihan Regulasi kalsium - PTH - calcitronin • Pusat ossifikasi • primary • secondary • Epiphyseal plate • Epiphyseal line • Tulang tengkorak (rata) • Mandible

  3. SISTEM RANGKA BAGAIMANA MENGENAL TULANG KECELARUAN • Cakera hernia (herniated discs) • Lengkuk abnormal • Spina bifida BAHAGIAN JENIS TULANG TANDA PERMUKAAN • Axial • Appendicular • Panjang • Pendek • Rata • Tak sekata (irregular) • Sesamoid Tekanan (Depression) Proses (processes) TENGKORAK (SKULL) 8 HYOID (1) VERTEBRAE (26) THORAX (25) • Bahagian: • cervical (7) • thoracic (12) • lumbar (5) • sacrum (5) • coccyx (4) • Lengkuk • Vertebra tipikal Sternum (1) Ribs (rusuk: 24) true (benar) false (palsu) floating (terapung) TANDA TULANG TENGKORAK • Sutures • Fontanels • Sinuses • Foramina Cranial (8) Facial (14) Middle ears (6)

  4. Klasifikasi Tulang • Axial : sokongan, tengkorak,vertebra, sternum, tulang rusuk, lebih teguh, medial longitudinal axis • Appendicular: rangka untuk pergerakan, tangan,kaki,pelvic girdles, kecederaan boleh berlaku dan lebih serious.

  5. TULANG PANJANG

  6. TULANG PENDEK

  7. TULANG TAK SEKATA (IRREGULAR)

  8. 1.Frontal Bone 2. Supra-Orbital Foramen 3. Orbit (Orbital Cavity) 4. Superior Orbital Fissure 5.Inferior Orbital Fissure 6. Zygomatic Bone 7. Infra-Orbital Foramen 8. Maxilla 9. Mandible 10. Mental Foramen 11. Incisive Fossa 12.Symphysis 13.Vomer 14.Inferior Nasal Concha 15.Middle Nasal Concha 16. Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid 17. Nasal Bone 18. Lacrimal Bone

  9. SENDI KLASIFIKASI FUNGSI STRUKTUR • Synarthorotic • (immovable) • Amphiarthorotic (slightly immovable) • Diarthorotic (freely immovable) FIBROUS CARTILAGINOUS SYNOVIAL • Suture • Syndesmosis • Gomphosis • Synchondrosis • Symphysis Artikulasi Terpilih (Kapsul, ligamen, bursa) Struktur Jenis Pergerakan • Articular cartilage • Articular capsule • fibrous capsule • synovial membrane • Synovial cavity • Accessory ligaments • Planar • Hinge • Pivot • Condyloid • Saddle (pelana) • Ball & socket • Gelunsur (glide) • Bersudut (angular) • fleksi • ekstensi • hyperekstensi • abduksi (abduction) • aduksi (adduction) • Putaran (rotation) • Circumduction • Khas (special) • Bahu (shoulder) • labrum • rotator cuff • mobile • Siku • Pinggang • labrum • stable • Lutut • minisci • unstable

  10. Sendi • Titik pertemuan anatara tulang/rawan dengan tulang. • Struktur sendi dipengaruhi oleh rapat hubungan pada titik pertemuan pergerakan semakin kuat tapi terbatas /terhad. • Pergerakan ditentukan oleh kelenturan tisu ligamen & tendon.

  11. Fibrous joints (sultures in the skull).

  12. A generalized synovial joint

  13. The Hip Joint - ball-and-socket joint.

  14. Cartilaginous joints between the thoracic vertebrae.

  15. A hinge joint (elbow region

  16. Gliding joints in the wrist region

  17. Model showing compound jointsin the neck region

  18. A pivot joint between the radius and

  19. FUNGSI SENDI • Sinarthrosis – Dua tulang akan rapat tetapi tiada pergerakan . • contoh : tengkorak (skull) • Diarthrosis – Pergerakan pelbagai arah contoh : sendi lutut, sendi bahu • Amphiarthrosis – Pergerakan yang sedikit contoh : vetebra (tulang belakang)

  20. GERAKAN SENDI • Sendi Bahu – Ekstensi , Fleksi , rotasi, • hiperekstensi • Sendi Siku – Ekstensi , Fleksi • Sendi Pelana – Fleksi , Ekstensi • Sendi Bonggol – Fleksi , Ekstensi , Hiperekstensi • Sendi Paksi – Fleksi , Ekstensi , Hiperekstensi • Sendi Telangsa – Dorsi Fleksi , Plantar Fleksi.

  21. SEKIANTerima Kasih

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