Growth and Sectionalism

1. Growth and Sectionalism • Standard 2:The student will demonstrate an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century. • Land acquisitions, motivations, railroads • Monroe Doctrine, Texas, Mexican War • Regional economic development

2. New Inventions – Items & Ideas Divided the country by Sections: Sectionalism 1. South and West – Agrarian – “King Cotton” The demand for cotton led to a westward land rush and the need for more slave labor

3. 2. Northeast – Textile Mills – cotton was being sent north to either be manufactured there or sent to Europe (rapid growth industry) 3. Western frontier was growing – desire for land.

4. Industrial Revolution 1. Started in England – they were very competitive – they wouldn’t let you leave the country if you were a mechanic – factory blue prints were also not allowed to leave the country 2. Began in textiles

5. New Inventions 1. Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney - easy to use and simple to copy – cut work time 2. Steel Plow – John Deere 3. Mechanical Reaper – Cyrus McCormick 4. Telegraph – Samuel F. B. Morse

6. New Inventions Samuel Slater – Brought the textile industry to the US (a mechanic that pretended to be a farmer to get out of the country and he had memorized the textile blue prints) Steamboat – 1807 Robert Fulton

7. Samuel Morse and the telegraph • http://morsecode.scphillips.com/jtranslator.html

8. Mechanical Reaperby Cyrus McCormick

9. “King Cotton”

10. John Deere’s Steel Plow Barbed Wire

11. Erie Canal – 1825 http://www.eriecanalvillage.net/pages/song.html Railroad – RR’s pushed westward bringing Irish and Chinese to build the Transcontinental RR – Henry Bessemer of the “Bessemer Process” turned iron into steel

12. Erie Canal

13. Erie Canal

14. Early Railroads • By the 1830s they began to take the place of canals and stagecoach

15. Innovations during Jacksonian Era

16. The Jackson Era

17. • He was the first president to ride on a railroad train, the first to be born in a log cabin and the first president to be nominated by a political party. • He survived the first attempt to assassinate a president. • He is known historically for creating a strong executive branch. • At age 13, while serving in the army, he was captured by the British. The British officer in charge ordered Jackson to clean his boots. Jackson refused; the officer struck him with his sword, leaving Jackson's face and hand permanently scarred

18. Andrew Jackson

19. Andrew Jackson’s Presidency Election of 1828 • 1st Democrat as President • 1st President from west of Appalachian Mts. (from a poor family / self made) • 1st election that involved types of entertainment (parades, rallies) • Lots of mud slinging – messy campaign

20. Andrew Jackson’s Presidency: Election of 1828 (continued) • Jackson was a “man of the people” or “King Mob.” • He extended voting rights to middle class and poor • Jackson angry about the 1824 election, he resented the wealthy and didn’t trust politicians and he blamed them for his wife’s death.

23. Jackson used the “spoilssystem” – he replaced people in Washington with his friends and party members (patronage) • He also used his “Kitchen Cabinet” who were his friends for advisors instead of his real cabinet

24. Jackson as the “Great Father”

25. Jackson’s Indian Removal Act 1830 • Jackson forced tribes off their land promising them western land. Ex. “Trail of Tears” – mostly Cherokee forced from southeast to Oklahoma; 4,000 out of 17,000 died. • Resisted: Black Hawk War Seminole War (Osceola) • The Indian Removal Act went against the Supreme Court • The removal of Indians from their land continued into the late 1800’s causing constant strife. It was further fueled by the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.

27. Trail of Tears

28. Freedom of Economic Opportunity • Immigrants, especially Irish were attracted to the Democratic Party • Jackson pushed to open more Western land which created more problems with the Indians.

29. Jackson and the Power of the Federal Government Federal Power vs. State’s Rights • “Tariff of Abominations” 1828 – the federal government put a tax on imports encouraging people to buy U.S. goods • This made cheap British goods unavailable to the South – forcing the South to buy more expensive Northern goods

30. Jackson and the Power of the Federal Government John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s V.P.) from S.C. anonymously wrote the Nullification Theory – stating S.C. could reject a federal law if it is not in the best interest of the state. -1832 Election – Calhoun was dropped as V.P. under Jackson

32. S.C. threatened to secede – (Withdraw from the Union) • Jackson was furious and passed the “Force Bill” authorizing the military to use force if S.C. resisted (a new compromise stopped possible war)

33. The Texas Revolution • Stephen Austin– formed a colony on Mexican territory – By 1830, over 20,000 US settlers were in the territory • Cultural differences arise: - Anglos spoke English NOT Spanish - Anglos were Protestant, Mexico was Catholic - Southerners were bringing slaves and Mexico had outlawed slavery. *** Rebellions break out; the Texas Revolution begins (1835)

34. Texas Territory

35. The Texas Revolution

36. Jim Bowie

37. Davy Crockett and William Barrett Travis

38. The Alamo

39. In 1836, Santa Anna attacked the Alamo killing all the US defenders including Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett and William Barrett Travis. • Sam Houston led an attack capturing Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. His rally cry:“REMEMBER THE ALAMO!”

40. Texas Flag“Lone Star Republic”

41. Treaty of Velasco – granted Texas it’s independence and • Houston was elected President of the Lone Star Republic

42. The South wanted to annex Texas and expand slavery, the North did not • James K. Polk was elected in 1844 and pushed for gaining Texas (1845) and war with Mexico in hopes of gaining more land.

43. Mexican War: 1846 to 1848 • Mex. Attacks after U.S. annexed the Republic of Texas • Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo (1848) ends the war with Mexico who cedes western lands to the US ($15 million)

44. Oregon Territory • President Polk- 1846 • An agreement with Great Britain • Extends boundary to current line with Canada

45. Gadsden Purchase – set current borders for the continental US • 1849 California GOLD RUSH!! – mass migration of all types looking for gold (Forty-niners) • 1850 – California becomes a state and outlaws slavery

46. Gadsden Purchase

47. More Reasons to GO WEST! • RELIGIOUS – MORMONS flee religious persecution; Brigham Young leads them to Utah (Salt Lake City) • Govt. Support – (1862) HOMESTEAD ACT – offers 160 acres free to settle EX. Oklahoma Land Rush- “Sooners” about 50,000 participate (1862) Morrill Act – grants funding to agricultural & mechanical colleges

48. Oklahoma Land Races

49. Sod Houses

50. Sod House