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Territorial Growth and Sectionalism

Territorial Growth and Sectionalism. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism. NATION ALISM – A BELIEF AND FEELING OF PATRIOTIC PRIDE IN YOUR NATION . “U.S. a world within itself” SECTION ALISM – A PRIDE IN ACHIEVEMENT OF ITS OWN REGION OR SECTION . Sectional Differences.

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Territorial Growth and Sectionalism

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  1. Territorial Growth and Sectionalism

  2. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism • NATIONALISM – A BELIEF AND FEELING OF PATRIOTIC PRIDE IN YOURNATION.“U.S. a world within itself” • SECTIONALISM – A PRIDE IN ACHIEVEMENT OF ITS OWN REGION ORSECTION.

  3. Sectional Differences • Effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries • Triggered by the request of Missouri as admission to US as a slave state • United States consisted of 22 states, evenly divided between slave and free. • Missouri would upset that balance • Would also represent Congressional support for expansion of slavery

  4. Missouri Compromise • Argument of admitting Missouri as a slave state • Congressman James Tallmadge of New York proposed Missouri as Free state • Maine which was a part of Massachusetts wanted statehood • Speaker of the House, Henry Clay suggested Maine be admitted as free state, and Missouri slave state • Came to be known as Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Keeps the balance of power between free and slave states

  5. What does it Do? • Prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36° 30´ latitude line. • Repealed in 1854 by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. • Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision • ruled that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. • Holds the Union together for another 40 years

  6. Election of 1844

  7. Election of 1844 • Polk wins election • Committed to national expansion • Former governor of Tennessee • Coined term of 54 40’ or fight

  8. ADAMS-ONIS TREATY 1819 • United States gained Florida from Spain for 5 Million Dollars

  9. California as a State • March 1850, California applies for statehood as a free state • California would again upset the balance • Slave states would become minority

  10. Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay drafts another plan • California would be admitted as a free state and slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. • Congress would pass no more laws regarding slavery in the new territories from Mexico • Congress would pass laws to help recapture runaway slaves become known as the Fugitive Slave Act.

  11. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Portrayed the moral issues of slavery • Play increased popularity of book • Very popular in the North, Southerners believed it falsely criticized the south and slavery

  12. Kansas-Nebraska Act • 1854 Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafts a bill to organize Nebraska Territory • Territory to be settled by popular sovereignty • Popular Sovereignty: residents vote to decide an issue • Territory to be divided into two territories of Kansas and Nebraska • Repealed the Missouri Comprise of 1820

  13. “Bleeding Kansas” • The name Bleeding Kansas refers to the violent sectional conflicts in the American Midwest in the mid to late 1850s. • Also referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, Bleeding Kansas was a very significant event in American History illustrating the depth of the struggle between “slave” and “free” states.

  14. John Brown • Extreme abolitionist • Led Pottawatomie Massacre which led to five slave-owners being murdered • Led to civil war in Kansas • Continued for three years • Became known as “Bleeding Kansas

  15. Outcomes • In the conflicts and actual battles preceding the Civil war, about 55 people died total. • Although the South had tried to get Kansas to become a slave state, Kansas became free in the end, reflecting a prevailing sentiment of antislavery. • The murder and mayhem of Bleeding Kansas were not actual Civil War battles, but they foreshadowed the deadly conflict that was quickly approaching.

  16. Dred Scott • Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom, since he had been taken to a territory where slavery was illegal • Went to the Supreme Court Dred Scott vs. Sanford

  17. The Decision • Court ruled that: • Slaves were not citizens and therefore could not sue • Slaves are property and the U.S. cannot deprive any citizen of taking their property into U.S. territories • Denied citizenship to slaves and free blacks, making the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

  18. Homestead Act of 1862 • Offered 160 acres of free land • Live on it for 5 years and improve it

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