An Iranian Perspective on Humanitarian Consequences of Preemption: Lessons Learned from the Past

1. An Iranian Perspective on Humanitarian Consequences ofPreemption: Lessons Learned from the Past Shahriar Khateri MD SCWVS Nuclear Weapons: The Final Pandemic Preventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition London, October 3-4 2007

2. Iran – Iraq War The longest conventional war of the 20th Century Sep.1980 – Aug.1988

3. Aftermath(The war was disastrous for both countries ) Iranian Side : • 220,000 Dead • 500,000 Injured / disabled • 40,000 POW • Millions affected

8. Chemical warfare during Iran-Iraq war

10. Use of chemical weapons in Iran - Iraq War

12. June 1987, Sardasht Tragedy

13. Sardasht Tragedy, June 1987 7 تیر 1366 ، سردشت، گاز خردل ....

16. March 1988 .....Halabja Tragedy

17. UNMOVIC Report: • Iraq consumed almost 19,500 chemical bombs, over 54,000 chemical artillery shells and 27,000 short-range chemical rockets between 1983 and 1988. • Iraq declared that about 1,800 tonnes of Mustard, 140 tonnes of Tabun and over 600 tonnes of Sarin had been consumed during these years.

18. Chemical warfare during Iran-Iraq war • 350 Gas Attacks(30 civilian targets) • >1 million were exposed • > 100,000 casualties registered • > 50,000 are suffering from long term health effects of c.w

19. Too Late !Security Council Resolution No: 612 09 May 1988Security Council Resolution No: 620 26 Aug 1988 UN Documents: • UN Document S/16140 Nov.10, 1983 • UN Document S/16433 March 26, 1984 • UN Document S/16454 March 30, 1984 • UN Document S/17843 Feb. 18, 1986 • UN Document S/17911 March.12, 1986 • UN Document S/17932 March.21, 1986 • UN Document S/18852 May 03, 1987 • UN Document S/19006 Jul.30, 1987 • UN Document S/19823 Apr.25, 1988 • UN Document S/19869 May 06, 1988 • UN Document S/19886 May 16, 1988 • UN Document S/19892 May 16, 1988 • UN Document S/19942 June 16, 1988 • UN Document S/19943 June 16, 1988 • UN Document S/19946 June 17, 1988 • UN Document S/20060 July.20, 1988 • UN Document S/20084 Aug.03, 1988 • UN Document S/20134 Aug.19, 1988 • UN Document S/20151 Aug.26, 1988

20. AFTERMATH

26. Ocular Lesions

27. Psychological impacts

31. 37 years old man who had exposure to Mustard gas in 1986 and now complains of progressive dyspnea & hemoptysis

32. BRONCHIAL STENOSIS • Bronchoscopic view showed severe narrowing of left main bronchus that 2.5 mm Fiberoptic bronchoscope can not pass through it.

33. Late Toxic Effects Lung

35. Low level Exposure: Chronic effects

37. The environmentA casualty of war!

38. Timeline of Chemical Weapons Use against Iran

39. Mustard in Water • study of the environmental impact of ocean dumping of chemical warfare agents: Mustard is quite insoluble in water. it tends to form plastic lumps on the bottom of the see or rivers, which can be brought to the surface by trawling. Thus, the small but steady number of fishermen who are injured every year through contact with the mustard.

41. The environmental impact is still being felt!

42. Even More Toxic • mustard in munitions often had additives to either raise the viscosity or reduce the freezing point or to increase the toxicity • It is a serious threat for environment and food chain in the region

43. Toward a WMD free world For more information visit: www.scwvs.org Or contact: +98 21 22417327 info@scwvs.org P.O Box: 19615-616 Tehran-Iran