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Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever current Scenario

This article provides an overview of the history, epidemiology, current outbreak, mode of transmission, replication, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and animal models of Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever. The text explores the structure of the Ebola genome and proteins, mortality rates, epidemiological data, role of bats as natural reservoirs, and the unlikely introduction of the virus from human travelers. It also discusses the Indian scenario, mode of transmission, replication, clinical features, and late complications of the disease.

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Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever current Scenario

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  1. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever current Scenario Dr. SonukumariAgrawal

  2. Introduction • History • Epidemiology • Current outbreak • Mode of transmission • Replication • Pathogenesis • Diagnosis • Prevention • Animal models

  3. Introduction

  4. History

  5. Nearly 40 years ago Belgian scientist travelled to a remote part of the Congolese rainforest Unknown and terrifying disease

  6. September 1976 Electron Microscope YAMBUKU MARBURG VIRUS Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp

  7. Agent

  8. Classification Group: Group ss RNA Order : Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebola virus

  9. Structure of Ebola genome and proteins - • 7 structural and 1 nonstructural • 7 structural proteins - • Nucleoprotein (NP) • 4 viral/virion proteins (VP35, VP40, VP30, VP24) • Glycoprotein (GP) • RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein)

  10. Mortality rate SEBOV 40-60% ZEBOV 60-90% BEBOV 20-30% CIEBOV 0%

  11. Epidemiology

  12. First cases of filovirushaemorrhagic fever - 1967 Germany and the former Yugoslavia - Marburg virus

  13. Current Outbreak

  14. Initial outbreak in Guinea

  15. 23 May

  16. Zaire ebolavirus species

  17. Role of Bat • Bats are considered the most likely natural reservoir of the EBOV • Bats were known to reside in the cotton factory in which the first cases for the 1976 and 1979 outbreaks were employed • The absence of clinical signs in these bats is characteristic of a reservoir species

  18. A wide range of hosts were infected with ebola bats • They got infected, replicated virus, and survived infection • Detect anti-Ebola virus antibodies and Ebola virus RNA in fruit bat species

  19. Introduction from a human traveler seems Unlikely

  20. Indian scenario

  21. 45,000 Indians in the affected countries – At risk

  22. Host

  23. of the ebola virus

  24. Mode Of Transmission

  25. Replication

  26. Pathogenesis

  27. Clinical Feature

  28. Incubation period: 2-21 days • Stage I (unspecific): Extreme asthenia (body weakness) Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, anorexia Abdominal pain Headaches , arthralgia, myalgia ,Back pain Mucosal redness of the oral cavity, dysphagia, conjunctivitis Rash

  29. Stage II (Specific): Hemorrhage - Anuria , Tachypnea • Late Complications:(>2 weeks after onset) Shock, convulsions Migratory arthralgias Ocular disease (unilateral vision loss, uveitis) Orchitis, suppurativeparotitis Pericarditis Illness-induced abortion among pregnant women

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