The Protestant Reformation

1. Chapter 1 Section 3 The Protestant Reformation

2. Europe isn’t exactly the happiest place on Earth to be right now. • Despite the new accumulation of wealth, new technologies and the spread of literacy • Haves vs. have nots • Rapid change => uncertainty => fear => anger! Not exactly DisneyWorld Very Angry People x Wealth distributed unevenly + Little economic mobility x Humanist ideas spread due to: Advances in technology(printing press) 2. Unhappy, easily influenced public Do you think that people are more receptive to ideas when times are good or times are bad? Where else have you seen this before? Time periods? Events?

3. The Church had a lot of expenses Mo’ Money, mo’ problems Fought invasions of Monarchs who tried to invade the Papal States and control the Church Fought Italian Princes for political power Fought to expand its own interests

4. Popes led lavish lives • Supported the artsand tried to beautify their churches…(Michelangelo – Sistene Chapel) • Needed money to do so Can’t forget about the Pope! • So where did the Church get the money? • Increased fees for marriages and baptisms • Sold indulgences What’s an indulgence? - An indulgence was a lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory. Only granted for good deeds until late 1400’s.

5. Key point: In the Middle Ages, the Church had granted indulgences only for good deeds BUT by the late 1400s, they could be bought with money! Key questions: Can one buy one’s way into heaven? Is giving up one’s money a sign of true faith and devotion? What if one doesn’t have the money to buy such indulgences? Are their priorities wrong? Times, they were a changin’!

6. What economic class do you think the buyers of the indulgences were from? Rich or poor? Let’s take a look: a picture’s worth a thousand words! Time for a Picture Analysis  Soooooooo……………….

7. Israhel van Meckenem of the Mass of Saint Gregory, 1490s

8. NO! Long before the Protestant Reformation, a few thinkers protested against the Church! Are you telling me no one said anything about the church before 1500?

9. England -1300’s John Wycliffe launched a systematic attack against the church. Early Revolts against the church… • Used sermons and writings to call for change. Even after his death followers still met to keep the movement alive. • John Hus, born 40 years after Wycliffe, in what is now the Czech Republic, all called for reform! Hus said people should read the Bible for themselves & get both wine + bread at communion. What was the verdict?

10. Death! John Hus was literally burned at the stake! A different kind of fired up! SpiezerChronik's depiction of the death of Jan Hus, 1485

11. Martin Luther • Hero or Heretic- teaching things that are declared wrong by the church Intr0ducing the Main mover & shaker of the Protestant Reformation…. • “Church is a corrupt middleman between men and God” • German monk and professor of theology Posted his 95 Theses on Halloween, at the time a holy day (one of the best times guaranteeing that everyone would see it) Fun Fact: Was going to be a lawyer but was almost struck by lightening and decided to be a priest.

12. In 1517, a priest named Johann Tetzel started selling indulgences on the outskirts of Wittenberg Money went to construction at the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome Tetzel claimed that the purchase of these indulgences would guarantee entry into heaven for them AND their dead relatives!!!!!! WHOA!!!!!! The Straw that broke the camel’s back!

14. This marks the beginning of the Protestant Reformation (break away from the Catholic Church) 95 Theses – what’s it all about? Selling indulgenceswas not Bible-based, was sinful, and had no power to erase sin Said Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory Criticized the power of the pope and the wealth of the church (more money and power = more problems!) Believed Christians could be saved through faith alone! Were written in Latin – the academic language – Intended for Church leaders

15. So obviously Luther caused quite a stir. So much so that a Diet was called on his behalf. Spread the good word Not that kind of diet! Diet is another word for a meeting or assembly. In this case Luther’s meeting was called the Diet of Worms This meeting was arranged by the Catholic Church.

16. In reaction to this “Lutheran” Controversy: Let’s get ready to rumble!!!!... Kinda… Almost overnight, 95 Theses distributed across Europe 1521: Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther! 1521: Charles V, King of Spain & Holy Roman Emperor, summoned Luther to the Diet of Worms Luther went, expecting to defend himself. Instead, he was ordered to recant to which he refused! Declared an outlaw: was illegal to give him food or shelter

17. Lucky for Luther many German Princes were Lutheran, aka followers. This probably helped Luther keep his head during all of this. 1529: Charles V issued a protestatio, aka a protest, against Luther and his supporters. This is how the term Protestantcame to be.

18. Ulrich Zwingli brought Luther’s ideas to Switzerland. Luther got the Protestant ball rolling! The base of his religion was theocracy, which is a government in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired. Martin Luther opposed Zwingli and said he was tampering with the word of God. Because the Swiss Protestants didn’t have the support of Lutherans, they stood alone which left them vulnerable to attacks by neighboring Catholics. This is actually how Zwingli died, violent attack. R.I.P. Ulrich Zwingli

19. John Calvin was the second most important reformer during the Reformation. Continued…. Preached predestination, which is the belief that God knows who will be saved and who won’t be, way before they are even born. This meant that, according to Calvin, humans could do no wrong or no right because they couldn’t change their predestined outcome

20. Calvin’s movement took root in Geneva, Switzerland And the beat goes on! Rollin’, rollin’, rollin’ The city became a theocracy and strict laws were enacted that regulated people’s behavior. Church attendance was mandatory Amusements such as feasting, dancing, singing, wearing jewelry were forbidden.

21. Well, this power point is! But a counterreformation is on the way! In the meantime, think about the power of religion & the role it has played in history? AND what about Martin Luther: Hero or Heretic? Are we done?