Journal Question

1. Journal Question 1. How did the test go? What went well? What did not go so well? 2 How do you identify yourself (American, Washington, Sammamish/Issaquah, Skyline, etc.)? Explain. 3. What does Government mean to you?

2. Declaration of Independence

3. Declaration of Independence • Started a draft in June 1776 • A committee formed – Thomas Jefferson • Ideas taken from previous political thinkers and fundamental democracy documents • Magna Carta • English Bill of Rights • Social Contract – Natural Rights • John Locke • Montesquieu

6. Parts of the Declaration • Preamble • Introduction • The purpose • Declaration of Rights • Political ideas • “consent of the governed’ • Complaints • Wrongs committed by the British Crown • Rule of Law not Self-interest • Resolution • Conclusion • “These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be free and independent states.”

9. D.O.I – Scavenger Hunt What truths are self-evident? What right do people have when their government becomes destructive? Who is the “He” that is constantly referred to? What powers does the United States have as “free and independent states”? What evidence shows that the colonists had already unsuccessfully voiced concerns to the king? Can you find any references to Native American, Women or African-Americans? Are there any references to Religious Faith? Do you believe this influenced the writing of this document?

10. What do you think the colonists will do to create a new government • What problems do you think the colonial leaders might face • Why would colonists be afraid of strong national government • Strong congress and president • Strong vs weak government • What do they want to create?

12. Journal #3 What is a bigger threat to liberty, anarchy or monarchy? Explain.

13. Articles of Confederation

14. Articles of Confederation • Citizens of individual states, not an entire nation • The country as a whole was less important than its 13 parts • More of a confederation not a nation • An alliance of separate governments working together • 1777 the Continental Congress adopted a set of laws • Articles of Confederation

15. Articles of Confederation • Each state would retain "sovereignty, freedom, and independence." • Any power not specifically given to Congress was reserved for the states.  • This meant that each state could often develop its own policies. • Only Congress could: • declare war • negotiate with foreign countries • establish a postal system.  • It could also settle disputes between states

16. Northwest Ordinance • Land Ordinance of 1785 • Congress wanted to organize this land and sell it to raise revenue.  • Northwest Ordinance • declared that the region would be divided into three to five territories.  • 5,000 free adult men, those men could elect a legislature.  • 60,000 free inhabitants, the legislature could write a constitution and form a government.  • If Congress approved both, the territory would become a state.

18. Graphic Organizers • Individually use the Graphic Org. to complete the following: • For each section of the AOC you will: (Skip Article I) • Summarizeeach section • List possible conflictsthat could arise • Create a pro/con list regarding the Articles of Confederation effectiveness • Keep in mind: • think in historical perspective – NOTthe society we live in today. • Be prepared to share with the class

19. Summary of the articles

20. Analyzing Primary Sources With a partner go to www.ourdocuments.gov With your partner you have 15 minutes to skim through the document On your own piece of paper answer the questions that will be on the doc cam. Be prepared to discuss your findings

21. Candy Bars

22. Opposition to the Articles What are some problems with the Articles of Confederation? Why would this document start to cause problems for the Americans.

23. Entry Task Please grab each of the note sheets on the desk next to the cabinet. There are two separate sheets… you need both Please get out your Articles of Confederation Graphic Org.

24. Wed 9/28 Review the articles Review pro/con list Where did they go wrong – notes Pre-Const. Notes/Compromise Chart 6 basic principles (Poster?)

25. Where did they go wrong?

26. As a table group… Discuss all of the possible problems to the Articles of Confederation. Be ready to discuss as a class.

27. Rights and Responsibilities Rights: those things which you are allowed to do as a citizen of the country in which you reside. Things the government cannot keep you from doing Responsibilities: Things you need to do, as citizens of a country, in order to maintain your status as a citizen. Things the government can compel you to do.

28. State Autonomy • States had different currency • Printing money • Inflation • States had individual debts • States had different taxes • States made trade agreements with each other • Some states did not recognize the currency of others

29. No Common Defense Congress could not afford to pay soldiers Soldiers were not paid for service during American Revolution Soldiers were equipping themselves

30. Agreement between colonies • Different colonies had different perspectives and priorities • Large colonies had more money and wanted privilege • Small colonies were poor and wanted charity

31. Taxes • Larger states were able to levy more taxes, thus making them wealthy • Smaller states were not able to levy as much taxes, them making them less wealthy • The National Government was not able to levy taxes • There was no requirement of how much each state gives in taxes. • Percentage or Raw Number

32. Expansion • Land over the Appalachian Mountains • It’s near us, it’s ours • We’re small, we need it

33. National Government • 13 of 13 colonies needed to change Articles • 9 of 13 needed to make laws • Treaties • Trade • International diplomacy

34. It all comes down to money • National Government can’t raise taxes • No money to pay debt, other countries mad • No money to pay soldier, soldier leave • No way to coerce money from states • States have different economies • Different priorities • Balance of power

35. Steps towards a constitution • Nationalists • Group of individuals who wanted a stronger national government • Dangers of a weak government • Not many agreed with these statements • afraid of a failed government • Model for the world

36. Steps towards a constitution • Annapolis convention • Convention held by the nationalists • Failed to rally interest in making a stronger government • Agreed to meet again the following year in Philadelphia

37. Constitutional convention • Philadelphia, May 1787 • All states were invited to send delegates • 55 delegates total • Except Rhode Island • Within four months the U.S. Constitution was draftedand has governed the U.S since

38. James Madison • The fatherof the Constitution • Took many detailed notes of all meetings • Viewed people as naturally selfish creatures • Drew from philosopher Rousseau • The constitution could establish political institutions that encouraged the best in people while restraining the worst

39. Virginia Plan • Creation of a bicameral national legislature • Representatives were based on the states population • More people = more reps = greater voting power • Legislature could tax and regulate foreign/interstate commerce • Veto power • Add executive and judicial branch

40. New Jersey Plan • Feared smaller states would have little power in the new government • Congress could tax and regulate foreign/interstate commerce • Create executive and judicial branch • Every state would have an equal vote in a unicameral congress • Smaller states would have the same voting power as larger states • Aimed to keep state governments more powerful than the national government.

41. The great compromise • Biggest difference was representation in the legislature • A solution finally emerged when delegates could not agree • A legislature with two houses • Senate • Every state has the same number of reps • House of Representatives • Reps were based on the states population • Approved July 16 1787

42. Three-fifths compromise • A new issued came to be when deciding a states population • Should slaves be included? • Who would benefit the most? • Once agreed upon… • Three-fifths of a states slave population would be counted when determining representation • African Americans however still could not vote or represent their states in congress

43. Electoral College • Formation of the executive branch • Fear of having a single leader • Created the Electoral College • Made up of electors from each state • Electors based on senators and representatives

44. A lasting document • Final draft was approved by the convention September 17, 1787 • Has been able to last for many years • Strong yet flexible • Only 27 amendments over the last 200+ years

46. US Constitution Worksheet DUE – TUESDAY OCTOBER 7TH

47. WE THE PEOPLE…. A volunteer Opportunities

48. The Six Basic Principles

49. 1. Popular Sovereignty “We the people...” The United States, the people are sovereign The government receives its power from the people and can govern only with their consent

50. 2. Limited Government The government can only have as much authority as the people give it Main parts of the constitution put limitations on governmental power