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Journal Question

Journal Question. How did you meet your friends? (8 sent) Hand in journal. Groups & Formal Organizations. Chapter 6. Ch. 6.1 (p. 172-175). Primary & Secondary Groups. Groups. In regular contact Similar way of thinking, feeling, behavior Consider each other’s behavior

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Journal Question

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  1. Journal Question • How did you meet your friends? (8 sent) • Hand in journal

  2. Groups & Formal Organizations Chapter 6

  3. Ch. 6.1 (p. 172-175) Primary & Secondary Groups

  4. Groups • In regular contact • Similar way of thinking, feeling, behavior • Consider each other’s behavior • Oneor more goals in common

  5. Categories vs. Groups • Social category: share same social characteristic • Ex: women, seniors, middle schoolers • Social aggregate: people at the same place at the same time • Ex: people at the mall • These are NOT examples of groups

  6. Primary Group • Know each other very well • Emotionally tied to each other • Create a sense of “we” • Comprised of primary relationships • Caring, intimate, personal interactions • Most important in socialization process • P. Groups are: small in size, face-to-face, occur very frequently, occur in proper setting

  7. Why are P. Groups important? • Give emotional support • Learn rules and how to fit in to society (socialization) • Conformity based on social status

  8. Secondary Groups • Goal/task oriented • Impersonal interactions (secondary relationships) • Work groups, volunteer organizations, etc. • If friendship becomes more important than the task, group MAY FAIL

  9. Discussion question of day • Why are some people allowed in certain groups but others are kept out? • (Do not have to write, journals will be returned next class)

  10. Networks & Social interaction 6.2 & 6.3 p. 177-186

  11. groups • In-group • Extreme loyalty among the members • Exclude others • “Us” or “we” • Out-group • Composed of people not part of in-group • Competes with the in-group • “they” or “them”

  12. In-n-Out groups • Group “boundaries” • Distinguishing characteristics that show who is part of the in-group and who is not • Ex: clothing, symbols, handshakes, physical locations, language • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIfChi7QFTo • Must have commitment from group members to maintain integrity of the group

  13. Social networks • Made up of all of a person’s social relationships • Ties us to numerous people within our community and around the world • Using the internet has allowed for larger social networks as well as faster, more frequent, and easier communication • Social networks are not groups, but groups make up social networks • Primary/secondary groups • Good for support, making career connections

  14. Social interactions • Essential to group longevity • Makes room for individuals to take on roles • Different norms and behavior

  15. Cooperation & social exchange • Come together to accomplish a goal • Limited resources • Games, emergencies • Voluntary action • Expect reward • Reward more important than the action • System of reciprocity

  16. Conflict & Coercion • Work against one another • Want reward • Unity within groups • Attention to social inequalities • Must give in to wants of an individual or group • Opposite of social exchange • Power • Torture, death, humiliation, other social pressures

  17. Conformity • Matching group expectations • Allows for creation of larger social institutions • Groupthink • Thinking of a group that is deceptive • Avoided by having group say in decisions • Have opposing viewpoints

  18. Social network assignment • Create your own social network • Go 2 degrees out from you (1 degree is the people you personally know, 2 degrees are the people that your first people know) • Create at least 4 of your in groups • State how you conform to your in groups • Describe the boundaries (how you know you are in the in-group) • What are the goals of your in groups?

  19. Formal Organizations 6.4

  20. How did communities switch from spending the majority of time with primary groups to spending most times with secondary groups?

  21. Formal Organization • Achieve one or more long term goal • Exs: high school, college, corporations, gov’tagencies • Bureaucracy • Formal org. based on rationality and efficiency

  22. Bureaucracy • Secondary group • Division of labor • Specialization  expertise in limited areas • Very impersonal • Call help/service centers • Automation

  23. Hierarchy of authority • Power: ability to control behavior of others • Legitimate power • Legitimate= recognized or approved source

  24. Bureaucracy • System of rules and procedures • Coordinate activities • Written records of work • Kept in files • Essential for continuity • Promotion based on merit and qualifications • Equal treatment for all

  25. How might corporations alleviate problems we associate with bureaucracies?

  26. Benefits of bureaucracy • Efficient in dealing with INDUSTRIAL societies/large number of people • Precision, speed, efficient, cost effective • Designed to protect individuals • Rationalization: knowledge, reason, planning

  27. Informal organizations • Groups within formal organizations • Common interests & personal relationships • Spontaneous • Able to create primary relationships inside an impersonal setting • Conformity  strength

  28. What are ways bureaucratic or formal organizations might encourage informal organizations to come about?

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