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REFORMATION

Explore the Reformation, a religious and political movement in 16th-century Europe that aimed to reform the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestant Churches. Discover the causes, challenges faced by Martin Luther, the response of the Catholic Church, the Catholic Counter Reformation, and the lasting legacy of this transformative period.

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REFORMATION

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  1. REFORMATION

  2. Copy this template into your notebooks: Reformation Notes Definition Causes Luther Challenges the Church Response to Luther Catholic Counter Reformation Legacy Leave enough space to write one sentence in each box.

  3. The Renaissance was more than the rebirth of the classical arts, it was also a time where the call for social change (reformation) was strong. At this time, what was the most powerful entity in Europe?

  4. The Catholic Church • Think back to all of those paintings you looked at last week…

  5. Religious and political movement of 16th-century Europe that began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches Definition – WRITE THIS

  6. Criticisms of the Catholic Church • Leaders were corrupt – living lavish lifestyles, fought wars, father children • Lower clergy were poorly educated and broke priestly vows – drinking, marriage, gambling • Early Calls for Reform • People held religion to a higher standard • Bible had more authority than clergy • Advocated for church reform Causes of the Reformation

  7. Catholic Church leadership was corrupt Causes – WRITE THIS

  8. The 95 Theses • In response to Johann Tetzel selling indulgences (people were under the impression that they could buy their way into heaven) • Wrote the 95 Theses – formal complaints about the church • Began the reformation – church reform • Luther’s Teachings • People could achieve salvation only through good deeds and through being forgiven by God • Church teachings can only come from the bible • All people of faith were equal Luther Challenges the Church

  9. Wrote 95 Theses – formal complaints about church in response to the selling of indulgences • Taught that salvation cannot be bought, bible is above clergy, all people of faith equal Luther Challenges Church – WRITE THIS

  10. The Pope’s Threats • Pope viewed him as a threat – excommunicated him • The Emperor’s Opposition • Charles V labeled him an outlaw and a heretic • The Peasants’ Revolt • Applied Luther’s ideas to social issues – many peasants tried to end serfdom • Germany at War • Many German princes supported Luther – came to be known as Protestants The Response to Luther

  11. Pope and Emperor threatened • Inspired other revolts • Began Protestantism Response to Luther –WRITE THIS

  12. Henry VIII Wants a Son • Believed it was his wife Catherin’s fault that he couldn’t bear a son, wanted to annul the marriage, but the Pope denied it • The Reformation of Parliament • Parliament passed a law that limited the power of the church – could now divorce England Becomes Protestant

  13. Consequences of Henry’s Changes • Married Anne Boleyn – she bore a daughter and he had her beheaded • Married Jane Seymour – had a son, Jane died • Three more marriages no children from these marriages • His children ruled separately – created strife in the kingdom • Elizabeth Restores Protestantism • Return to Protestantism – Church of England – aka Anglican – designed a compromise between Catholics and Protestants

  14. Calvin Formalizes Protestant Ideas • Published “Institute of the Christian Religion” – summary of Protestant religious beliefs • Believed in Predestination – God has already chosen the few who he will “save” – religion based on these teachings is called Calvinism • Calvinism Spreads • Led reformation in Switzerland – believed in theocracy – became religious and political leader in Geneva • Became the official religion in Scotland and the Swiss, Dutch and French adopted the religion • Led to many clashes between the Catholics and Calvin’s followers Calvin Continues to Reformation

  15. Many people were becoming Protestant, but at the same time, many stayed true to their Catholic roots • Reforming Popes • Pope Paul III was the first to make changes • Investigated the selling of indulgences • Used Inquisition to seek out heretics in papal territory • Called for a meeting - Council of Trent (p. 499) • Pope Paul IV also made reforms • Followed the Council’s decrees • Created a list of forbidden books Catholic Counter Reformation

  16. Catholic Church made changes to try to keep followers • Council of Trent Catholic Counter Reformation – WRITE THIS

  17. Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation • Protestant churches flourished and new denominations arose • Catholic church was more unified • More emphasis on education (for both branches) • Political Effects of the Reformation • Catholic church’s moral and political authority declined • Individual monarchies gained power – sought out more territory – HUGE! Legacy of the Reformation

  18. New denominations; Catholic Church power declined; individual monarchs gained power and expanded territory Legacy – WRITE THIS

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