Cells: Part 2 Structure and Function

Cheek Cells Moss Cells Cells: Part 2 Structure and Function Blood Cell Onion Cells

I. Plant and Animal Cell Fixed structure.Has a cellulose cell wall and a cell membrane Chlorophyll in chloroplastsLarge vacuoles Can change shape.No Cellulose cell wallNo Chlorophyll or chloroplastsSmall or no vacuoles

Question Looking at the plant and animal cell diagram: • Explain how the cells are the same. ____________________________________ 2. Explain how the cells are different. ____________________________________

Question Looking at the plant and animal cell diagram: • Explain how the cells are the same. Both plant and animal cells have the same parts – ribosomes, nucleus, golgi bodies, cell membrane and others. 2. Explain how the cells are different. Plant cells are octagon shape with extra cell parts like the chloroplast and the cell wall. Annimal cells are more rounded.

II. Looking Inside Eukaryotic Cells/ Cell PartsOuter Covering a. Cell Wall 1. Found only in plants 2. Made of cellulose (hard) 3. Function ( ____)is to protect and support the plant cell 4. Ex. Dried straw or wood are made of dead cell walls you can see Straw Dead Cell Walls

Outer Covering (cont.) b. Cell Membrane • Inside cell walls of plants and outer covering of animal cells • Function is to protect and support • Main function is to keep cytoplasm in and allow nutrients in and waste out

Questions • What is the function of the cell wall? ___________________________________ 2. The main job of the cell membrane is ___ ___________________________________. 3. The kind of organism with a cell wall is a ___________________________________.

Questions • What is the function of the cell wall? Protect and support the plant cell. 2. The main job of the cell membrane is protect and support the animal cell/ and let things in or out of the cell. 3. The kind of organism with a cell wall is a Plant.

III. Inside the Cell Nucleus (“kernal or nut”) 1. The control center of the cell (BRAIN)-directs all the cell activities 2. Stores the DNA that has information on how to make the cell’s protein i. Nuclear Membrane 1. Surrounds and protects the nucleus a.

Nucleus (cont.) ii. Nucleolus 1. Small structure floating in the nucleus 2. Stores the materials that will be used to make ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Nucleus (cont.) iii. Chromatin 1. Thin strands of DNA 2. Contain the genetic material that give the cell instructions 3. Ex. The chromatin in a leaf cell tells the cell to grow and divide to form new leaf cells

Questions • What is the job of the nucleus? ___________________________________ 2. If the nucleus were a part of the human body, what part would it be? __________

Questions • What is the job of the nucleus? Controls the activities of the cell. 2. If the nucleus were a part of the human body, what part would it be? brain

b. Cytoplasm 1. Area between cell membrane and nucleus 2. Thick, gel-like substance 3. Organelles (the cell parts) float within the cytoplasm.

Question • What are organelles? ___________________________________ 2. What is the liquid organelles float in inside the cell? ____________________________

Question • What are organelles? All the parts of the cell. 2. What is the liquid organelles float in inside the cell? cytoplasm

IV. More Organelles in the Cytoplasm a. Mitochondria 1. Bean- shaped 2. “Power-house” of the cell- produce most of the energy cell needs to carry out its functions 3. Breaks down food molecules to makeATP 4. Can only work when they have oxygen- it is why we breathe 5. Muscle cells have several mitochondria

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.) b. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1. Flat-like tubular passageways 2. Makes lipids 3. Breaks down drugs and other substances that could harm the cell 4. Packages up proteins carries them from one part of the cell to another

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.) c. Ribosomes 1. Small round grain-like bodies 2. Site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins- “protein factories” 3. Smallest and most abundant organelle

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.) d. Golgi Bodies 1. Flattened collection of sac and tubes 2. Receives proteins, packages them and releases to other parts of the cell-“mailroom” 3. Releases materials outside the cell

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.) e. Vacuoles 1. Large, round structure or water-filled sac 2. Stores water, food, and waste 3. All plants have these; some animal cells do- others do not 4. Ex. Crispy lettuce= vacuoles full of water; wilted lettuce= empty water vacuole 5. Ex. Roses are red= colorful liquid stored in vacuoles

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.) f. Lysosomes 1. Small round structure containing chemicals (enzymes) 2. Pour enzymes into a vesicle that contains food particles- to digest them 3. Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles 4. Get rid of waste materials and protects the cell from foreign invaders 5. Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders- “clean-up crew”

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.) g. Chloroplasts 1. Found only in plants and algae 2. Energy-converting organelle 3. Contain chlorophyll- makes chloroplasts green 4. Sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll and used to make sugar (food) for the cell- calledphotosynthesis

Questions • In the cell each part has a function or ________. List the jobs of each cell part: a. Mitochondria – makes ________ b. ER - ________ and __________ c. Ribosomes- make ___________ d. Golgi bodies - ______________ f. Vacuoles – store ____________ g. Chloroplast - _______________ 2. Which organelle is the most abundant in the cell? _____________ 3. Which cell parts are found only in plants? __________ 4. What makes chloroplast green? _________________

Questions • In the cell each part has a function or job. List the jobs of each cell part: a. Mitochondria – makes the energy - ATP b. ER - packages and carries proteins c. Ribosomes- make proteins d. Golgi bodies – receives protein packages and releases them to other cell parts. f. Vacuoles – store food, water and waste g. Chloroplast – makes sugar (food) for the cell 2. Which organelle is the most abundant in the cell? ribosome 3. Which cell parts are found only in plants? cell wall, chloroplasts, sometimes vacuoles. 4. What makes chloroplast green? chlorophyll

Cells: Part 2 Structure and Function