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BELLWORK: September 6 th

BELLWORK: September 6 th. Which civilizations were monotheistic? Why is it important to study religions in world history? Define pastoral nomad.

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BELLWORK: September 6 th

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  1. BELLWORK: September 6th • Which civilizations were monotheistic? • Why is it important to study religions in world history? • Define pastoral nomad. • THINKER: Today we will begin our study of the Israelites who were unique in their practice of monotheism. Make a prediction  How will other empires interact with the Israelites based on their religious beliefs? Why? Explain! ***I will be collecting bellwork today! You should have five stamps from the past two weeks.***

  2. Unit 2: World Religions How Ancient Civilizations developed organized religions

  3. The Israelites were another early civilization who lived in the Middle East & Asia. Eventually, they settle in Israel, but it was a difficult journey. Their major contribution was religious (Judaism) & influenced Christianity and Islam. In this period, history intertwines with religion – do not make judgments! Follow along with the note wkst! The Israelites

  4. Israelites & Judaism • The teachings of the Israelites exist as Judaism today. • The Israelites’ history/beliefs are outlined in the Hebrew Bible, or the Torah (Christians = Old Testament) • Disclaimer: This history is from a religious text!

  5. Origins • Abraham: A herder/trader who lived in Mesopotamia • Prophet: holy messengers who received commands from God • God (Yahweh) made a covenant, or agreement, with Abraham  promised protection if he followed God’s laws (outlined in Torah) • In 1900BC, he left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan.

  6. Causes: Severe drought and famine in Canaan Effects: Pharaohs enslaved them Move to Egypt

  7. Moses was an Israelite leader in the 1200’s BC. He led his people out of Egypt in an exodus across the Sinai desert. Exodus out of Egypt

  8. On the trek across the Sinai, Moses and the Israelites made a covenant with God. God promised to keep them safe if they obeyed God’s laws, or the Ten Commandments. Influenced modern laws and religion. The Ten Commandments ***Big change  In other ancient religions, only priests (and some rulers) had access to the gods. In Jewish tradition, God’s wishes had been written down and available for everyone.

  9. David, a military leader, became King of the Israelites in 1012B.C - united the kingdom & organized a government. His son, Solomon, set up a capital at Jerusalem, expanded the army and encouraged trade. Creating a Kingdom

  10. The city of Jerusalem has been occupied continuously for centuries. According to tradition, King David built the city in 1000BC. This section of Jerusalem (known as the City of David) is where Jerusalem was believed to be founded.

  11. Under King Solomon, ancient Israel reached the height of its power.

  12. The First Temple built by King Solomon was viewed as the symbolic center of their religion. (It was destroyed in 587BC during a siege….)

  13. BELLWORK: September 9th • How was Persian rule different than other empires? • Describe the covenant the Israelites made with God. • Why is Moses important to the Israelites? • What were the Ten Commandments? Why were these important? Consider both the religious and political impact! • THINKER: Mesopotamia was constantly occupied by different groups (Israelites, Sumerians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians). Why do you think so many groups fought for control of this area?

  14. Persian Kings unified & expanded the empire Cyrus the Great King Darius

  15. The empire was divided into satrapies which maintained political/social order.

  16. Persian Military • Empire’s power depended on military strength. • Largest military in the world. • 10,000 Cavalry • 10,000 infantry • Immortals • Advanced weaponry & tactics

  17. The Ten Commandments 1.Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 2.Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, for I the Lord, thy God am a jealous God, 3.Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. 4.Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. 5.Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. 6.Thou shalt not kill. 7.Thou shalt not commit adultery. 8.Thou shalt not steal. 9.Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 10.Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

  18. Why did so many groups compete for control of Mesopotamia?

  19. Division of Kingdom • After Solomon’s death, tension among Israel’s people led to the creation of two separate kingdoms: • Kingdom of Israel • Kingdom of Judah

  20. 722 BC  Assyrians conquered Kingdom of Israel. Merged with neighboring peoples and gradually lost identity 586 BC  Chaldeans conquered the Kingdom of Judah Destroyed Jerusalem and enslaved the people Next, they were exiled to Babylon (Chaldean capital) Mesopotamian Takeover

  21. In 539 BC, the Persians conquered the Chaldeans. The Persian King allowed the people of Judah to return to Jerusalem to rebuild their city and temple. The people of Judah survived, eventually becoming known as the Jews and giving rise to Judaism. Return to Jerusalem

  22. Middle Eastern Empires – 540BC

  23. Persian Empire – 539 BC

  24. 10 Commandments Foundation of Monotheism Jesus of Nazareth (a Jew from northern Israel)  foundation of Christianity Impacted success of Western civilization Importance of the Israelites

  25. Importance of the Israelites • The religion of Israel was unique compared to the religions of Western Asia & Egypt • Monotheism • No leader of Israel could claim they had direct access to God • Knowledge was available to everyone • Jews were able to maintain their identity after their loss of independence • Would not accept the gods of their conquerors or neighbors • Society based on Jewish law • Other people resented the Jews’ firm commitment to their faith which is why they were continually oppressed

  26. For the rest of class (potentially homework), you are going to read about the basic beliefs, rituals and practices of Judaism. As you read the handout, highlight/annotate key ideas and terms. What is Judaism?

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