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European Middle Ages 500-1200

European Middle Ages 500-1200. Chapter 13. Vocabulary I . Middle Ages : Era in Europe that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasted 500-1500. aka Medieval Period Franks : Germanic People who settled in France

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European Middle Ages 500-1200

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  1. European Middle Ages500-1200 Chapter 13

  2. Vocabulary I Middle Ages: Era in Europe that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasted 500-1500. aka Medieval Period Franks: Germanic People who settled in France Feudalism: Political System, Nobles are granted lands that belong to the King, in exchange for their loyalty, military service and protection of the people who live on the land. Monastery: Religious group of monks. Given up possession for devotion to God. Secular: Separation from church/religion and state/government

  3. Vocabulary II Lord: A person who controlled land and could grant estates to vassals Fief: An Estate granted to a vassal Vassal: A person granted land (Upper class) Knight: Warrior who followed Chivalry/protected people Serf: A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord Manor: A Lord’s estate Tithe: Payment of 1/10th of income to Church

  4. Vocabulary III Chivalry: Code of Behavior for Knights, stressed courage, loyalty and religion Clergy: Religious officials who perform “rituals” Sacrament: Christian ceremonies in which God’s grace is transmitted to people CanonLaw: Catholic religious laws HolyRomanEmpire: An empire established Europe in the 10th century. Mainly in Germany and Italy.

  5. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Chapter 13:1

  6. Lasting Effects of the Middle Ages Preserved the ideas of Rome (government, society) Prolonging the Roman Catholic Church Preserving the customs of the various Germanic (European) tribes

  7. Invasions of Western Europe: Fall of The Roman Empire • Disruption of Trade • Trade/culture diffusion became scarce • Downfall of Cities • Cities no longer the epicenter of life/government • Population Shifts to the Country Side • Lack of leadership in cities, independent farming lifestyle • Decline of Learning • Germanic Invaders were illiterate (Oral Traditions) • lack of learning in the country side • Loss of Common Language • Germanic Lang. mixed with Latin (French, Spanish)

  8. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge • 400-600 A.D. small Germanic Kingdoms arise • Constantly at war with each other over land • The Catholic Church provided stability and order(unified in their religion) • Changes in Government • Emphasis on families/clans instead of central government and laws • Germanic Chiefs led warriors (lived with him) • Clovis Rules the Franks • Brought Christianity to Franks (Constantine) • Supported by the R.C.C. (Why?)

  9. Germans Adopt Christianity • Franks converted thousands of people • More Catholics, more power to Rome • Spreading via Missionaries • Strength in numbers • Monasteries, Convents and Manuscripts • Built in rural outposts • Benedict and Scholastica Books/rules for Monks/Nuns • Papal Power Grows under Gregory I • Ruled outside of religion. Now Influenced Global Politics • Ruled all of Roman Europe • Church used taxes: armies, roads, poor

  10. The Preservers of Education in Europe St. Benedict scholastica

  11. An Empire Evolves • Franks control the largest empire post Roman Empire • Charles Martel Stopped the Muslim Expansion into Europe (Christian Hero) • Martel’s Son is “Pepin the Short” • Works with the Pope • Establishes the Carolingian Dynasty 751-987 A.D. • Two sons: Carloman and Charles (Charlemagne: Charles the Great)

  12. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor • Uniting Western Europe • Fought Muslims and Germanic Tribes • United for the 1st time since…..Rome • Larger than the Byzantine Empire (Largest in Europe) • Crowned Holy Roman Empire • Put down mobs against Pope Leo III • Joined Germanic Kings, The Church and the heritage of the Roman Empire

  13. Charlemagne

  14. Charlemagne • Limited the power of Nobles • Visited every part of his kingdom • Encouraged Education • Opened schools (wealthy) • Died 814, Louis the Pious (Bad Ruler) • Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German • Treaty of Verdun • Divided kingdom into 3 areas

  15. Division of Frankish Empire

  16. Main Ideas What were three roots of medieval culture in Western Europe? What are three ways that civilizations in western Europe declined the Roman Empire fall? What was the most important achievement of Pope Gregory I?

  17. Feudalism In Europe Chapter 13:2

  18. Feudalism in EuropeNew Invasions Trouble Western Europe • Vikings: Raiders, Traders, and Explorers • Came from Scandinavia, also called Northmen or Norsemen • Raided Western Europe, Russia and Constantinople from 800-1000 • Explored areas west of the Atlantic such as Greenland, Iceland, and North America • Skilled Traders/Merchants • Ships enabled Vikings to sail/row up stream (3 ft) • Constant warfare; people look in other directions for protection

  19. Vikings

  20. Muslims and Magyars Attack From the East and the South • Muslims (Moors) • Muslim armies conquered Southern Spain, and three major Italian islands • Magyars (Nomads) • Attacked in Eastern Europe • Excellent Horsemen • Controlled the Danube River to Northern Italy

  21. Feudalism Structures Society • A New Social Order • Invasions destroyed any central authority, people looked to anyone who could provide them protection • Power based on relationships between a lord and a vassal • System: King, Vassals (Nobles), Knights, Serfs/peasants • Social Classes are Well Defined • Serfs could not lawfully leave the land on which they worked • Social class was inherited • Bonded to land but were not slaves • Labor/products belonged to the lord

  22. Feudalism Evolves • Social Classes Are Well Defined • Status determined perception of power/prestige • Three Groups of People • Fighters: Nobles and Knights • Prayers: Clergy • Workers: Peasants and Serfs • Could not leave place they were born • Bond to the land • Could not be bought and sold • Labor produced belonged to the land

  23. Manorial System: The Economic Side Feudalism • Manor was the lords estate and basic economic system • Set of Rights and Obligations between Lords and Serfs • Lord Provided • Housing • Farmland • Protection • Serfs Provided • Maintained the Lord’s land/animals • Rarely traveled 25 miles from home (Fredonia) • Lord’s house, church, workshops, 15-30 families, mills, streams • Self-Sufficient Communities • Raised of produced everything needed (dairy, clothing, lumber, produce) • Outside purchases: Iron and salt

  24. Source: http://www.asmilan.org/teachers/kwheatley/maps/a_medieval_manor.jpg

  25. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism • A Self-Contained World • A Manor was the lord’s estate • Serfs worked the lord’s fields and performed other tasks in return for protection • Serfs stayed on the same manor their whole lives

  26. The Harshness of Manor Life • Peasants owed the lord three days labor and had to pay a percentage of their grain • Serfs owed village priest a tithe, or 10% of income • Avoiding taxes was a crime • Weddings only with the Lord’s consent • 1 Room cottages • Dirt floors, Pigs, small fire • 35 years old • Illness and malnutrition • God determined a person’s place in society

  27. The Age of ChivalryChapter 13:3

  28. Knights: Warriors on Horseback • Leather saddles/stirrups (Asia 200 B.C.) • Heavier weapons, more stable on horse • Quick and swift on the battlefield • Feudal Lords raised armies to protect their lands (Knights) • Given Fiefs (Land) for their services • 40 days of war (preparing for battle)

  29. Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry • Set of rules and expectations • Barely defend everyone • Devote life to Lord and God • Loyal, Brave and Courageous • Training: (7-Page, 14-Squire, 21-Knight) • Poetry idolized Knights life/Castles/Love • The Song of Roland

  30. Women’s Role in Feudal Society Noblewomen Peasant Women Endless Labor High Mortality Rate • Could own Property • “Cushy Life”

  31. The Power of the Church Chapter 13:4

  32. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church • Weak governments/kingdoms in Europe • “There are two powers by which this world is chiefly ruled….” • “Two Symbolic Swords:” Religious and Political • Shaped the life of all people in allsocial classes

  33. The Church Religion As A Unifying Force The Law Of The Church Authority was political and religious Canon Law unified spirituality and applied to all classes (Marriages/Sacraments) Excommunication/Interdict Used fear!! • Feudalism/Manorial System created class divisions • Religion bonded people together • Sense of security, belonging and community • Salvation= Heaven • Sacraments

  34. Pope Bishops Clergy Priests The Church Wields Power • The Scope of Church Authority • Religion as a Unifying Force • Most everybody in Europe was a member of the same Church • All people had an equal chance at salvation

  35. The Church and the Holy Roman Empire • Otto The Great (Otto I) strong alliance with the Church • Built power by allying himself with the Clergy • Invaded Italy on the Pope’s behalf (Emperor) • Holy Roman Empire

  36. The Church and the Holy Roman Empire • Church Wields Religious and Political Power • Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture, the process where kings appointed church officials • Excommunicated • Concordat of Worms • 1122: Only Pope could appoint church officials, emperor had veto power

  37. Disorder In The Empire The Reign of Fredrick I German States Remain Separate Alliance with the Church led to wars with neighbors Weaker and weaker rulers Eventually collapsed • Attacked the surrounding Italian areas • Lombard League • Italian foot soldiers/crossbow defeated the German Knights

  38. ** Main Points** • Church was the dominant power in Europe during the Middle Ages • As time passes, emperors and kings struggle to weaken Church authority and gain power for themselves

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