Matter and Its Properties

1. Matter and Its Properties Chapter E1

2. Matter and Physical Properties (E6) • All things are made up of __________, which is anything that has mass and takes up space • Each object has its own set of characteristics, or __________ and examples include color, hardness, and an ability to conduct electricity • ___________ properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance into something else

3. Mass and Weight (E7) • One physical property which is the amount of matter in an object we call ___________ • Weight is also a physical property and it depends on the amount of matter and the force of __________ • So, ___________ is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object • __________ can therefore change when outside the force of gravity, but _________ always remains the same • Weight is measured on a spring ________ so that the pull of gravity and the mass of the object can be measured • Mass is measured using a ___________ where the mass of the object can be compared and also to avoid measuring the pull of gravity

4. Volume (E8) • Matter not only has mass but also takes up space, and __________ is the amount of space that an object takes up • The volume of a __________ can be measured using a graduated cylinder, a clear tube marked in milliliters • The volume of some _________ can be calculated using a formula of ________ x __________ x ___________ • For objects with an irregular shape, volume can be measured by placing the object in measured amount of liquid and seeing how much is _____________. The volume is the difference between the volume of the water and the volume of the object and water

5. Density (E9) • ________ and __________ on their own are not able to identify an unknown object or substance • If you have measurements of the mass and volume, you can calculate the _________ of the object • Density is the _____________ of matter in an object • Density is calculated by ___________ volume by the mass • Pure substances have the ________ density and this allows density to be used in identifying a substance • Must have the substance’s __________ and __________ to calculate the density

6. Mixtures & Solutions (E10-11) • While some substances are pure, most are _________, which is a combination of two or more different kinds of matter, each of which keeps its own physical ___________ • There are a variety of ways to __________ a mixture into the substances that make them up • When one substance dissolves in another, the two form a _____________ and they cannot be easily separated • The solubility of substances, or their ability to be ___________, can be used to help identify what the substance is • Solutions can combine a liquid and a solid, two or more __________, two or more ___________, or two or more ____________

7. Three States of Matter (E14) • The state in which matter is at any point depends on conditions such as ___________ and pressure • A solid has definite __________ and a definite _________ • A ___________ has a definite volume but no definite shape • A gas does not have a definite ________ or __________

8. Particles of Matter (E15) • All matter involves particles in __________ • In a __________, the particles are very close together and this squeezing of particles gives them a definite volume and _________. Particles stay in the same place and ___________ only • Particles in a __________ move more freely than in a solid, so they often take the shape of its container • _________ particles have the most freedom of movement and its particles move the fastest. An increase in__________ can push fast-moving particles together • If the pressure applied is high enough and the temperature lowers, a gas may become a ____________

9. Changes Between States (E16-17) • All substances are able to change ________, namely through changes in __________ and pressure • ___________ is a change in state from solid to liquid and __________ changes a substance from liquid to gas • Evaporation occurs when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and become a _______ • _____________ changes a substance from a gas to a liquid • Changes in state do not change the _____________, and changes in state are ____________ • Changes in state occur when _________ is removed or added • When heat is added, the particles in the substance gain ___________, and they move __________ and __________ apart • When heat is _____________ the particles slow down and move _______________ together

10. Melting and Boiling Points (E18) • The term freezing refers to the ____________ at which water boils • Every substance however has its own freezing point, or temperature at which it changes from a __________ to a ____________ • Substances that are solids at room temperature have very __________ freezing points • The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is called it __________ point • The difference between the boiling point for water and carbon is ____________ degrees • Most substances can be identified by their ___________ and ___________ points since different substances melt and boil at different temperatures

11. Physical and Chemical Changes (E22-23) • Changes that involve a change in state but not the creation of new substances are called __________ changes • Changes in which one or more new substances are formed are called ________ changes • Chemical reactions involve _________, or the starting substances and _________ or the new substance • One example of a chemical change is __________ something • ___________ is a substance’s ability to react chemically to changes • Chemical reactions may be identified when there is a change in _________ or the creation of _________, __________, or gas

12. Using Physical and Chemical Properties #1 (E24) • Chemical reaction often form products with ___________ that are different from those of the reactants • Describe 3 differences between iron and rust. Do they affirm that rust is the same substance as iron or a new substance? • One example of a chemical property that can be used to identify a substance is ______________ • ______________ are dyes used to tell whether a substance is an acid or a base and therefore how it may be used • Substances that make up mixtures keep both their _________ and __________ properties

13. Using Physical and Chemical Properties #2 (E25) • Separating parts of a mixture can be done through __________, ____________ or using ___________ • Some liquids mixtures can be separated by ___________ at very high speeds and denser substances will separate from less dense substances • A solution of a solid and a liquid can be separated by __________ away the liquid • Create a flow map of the 3 steps needed to separate a mixture of copper, sugar, and charcoal

14. Conservation of Matter (E26) • Chemical and physical changes cannot change the ________ of matter present • The law of conservation of matter states that matter is neither _________ or __________ during a physical or chemical change • Scientists have found the masses of substances involved in a __________ change can be harder to actually measure than those involved in a physical change