Matter and Its Properties

1. Matter and Its Properties

2. Physical Properties • A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition. • 1. Extensive –dependent on the amount of a substance • Examples: mass, length, volume, amount of energy in a substance • 2. Intensive – independent of the amount of substance present • Examples: density, pressure, temperature, melting point, boiling point, ability to conduct electricity Is the example below extensive or intensive? • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius no matter how much water is in the container

3. Chemical Properties • Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. • Example: The ability of charcoal (carbon) to burn in air. It combines with oxygen in the air to form a new substance, carbon dioxide gas.

4. Physical Change • A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

5. Chemical Change • A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. • Example: Charcoal combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

6. Law of Conservation of Mass • mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction but is conserved • Mass (reactants) = Mass (products) 50 grams before = 50 grams after

7. matter and energy • matter: anything that has mass and takes up space • energy: ability to do work or cause change • energy is used anytime a change in matter occurs • energy is used anytime a change in matter occurs

8. kinds of matter • fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us • elements • compounds • mixtures

9. elements • substances that cannot be broken down into other substances chemically or physically • examples • sodium • oxygen • carbon • aluminum

10. compounds • substances made of two or more elements combined chemically compounds have properties different from those of the original elements • examples • water: hydrogen and oxygen • salt: sodium and chlorine

11. mixtures • combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined • examples • salad • frosted cake • kool-aid

12. Heterogeneous Mixture - Has visibly different parts (granite, chocolate chips, salad) • Suspension- a mixture whose particles settle out over time and can be separated from the mixture by filtration. • Colloid- a mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out. (examples: milk, fog, butter, ink)

13. Homogeneous Mixtures • Do not have visibly different parts ( seawater, air, Kool-Aid) - Also called a solution.

14. Separation of Mixtures a separation process is used to transform a mixture of substances into two or more distinct parts based on their properties. • Filtration • Distillation • Chromatography

15. Filtration • The process used to separate a solid or suspension from a liquid.

16. Distillation • The separation of a liquidmixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points

17. Chromatography • the separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate, often colored, layer.