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The Mesopotamian Empires. Sumerians. Sumerians. Sumer and Gilgamesh: 3100-2500 BC Uruk is soon eclipsed by a neighboring city state - that of Ur, famous later for its great ziggurat and (in the Bible) as the home of Abraham.
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Sumerians Sumer and Gilgamesh: 3100-2500 BC Uruk is soon eclipsed by a neighboring city state - that of Ur, famous later for its great ziggurat and(in the Bible) as the home of Abraham. In about 2300 BCE both Ur and Uruk yield to a conqueror from beyond Sumer.
Akkadian Empire Sargon: Akkadian King who elevated the “city-state” into an Empire. Subsequent Kings who succeeded Sargon maintained the scope of the Empire (agriculture in particular)and sophisticated political and economic organization.
Babylonians King Hammurabi establishes Empire uniting the region once controlled by Sargon. “Code of Hammurabi” Constantly challenged by the “Hittites” of the north.
Assyrians Rose from the city-state “Ashur” Often over-shadowed early by Babylonians Used “brutality” and advances in war-machinery like siege engines (battering rams, siege towers), to force regional rivals to conform. First society to make “militarism” the central policy of state.