The Protestant Reformation

1. The Protestant Reformation This material should be a review from your individual reading and work completed. Read the text for further explanation. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. What do you know about the Protestant Reformation? 2. Who was Martin Luther? 3. Read the “Main Idea” on the TOP of p. 449 and explain how the Protestant Reformation will influence the catholic church.

2. The Protestant Reformation Objectives: 1. Analyze corruption in the catholic church in order to understand WHY new religious groups (churches) were formed, and how the catholic church reacted. 2. Analyze the political strife within the Germanic provinces and how people joined the religious movement to try to distance themselves from the outside authority.

3. The CAUSE: • Roman Catholic Church • Did not meet spiritual needs of Church • Concerned w/ worldly pursuits • Had mistresses, illegitimate children, built large palaces, etc • Needed money to finance expensive habits: • Sold indulgences • pardons issued to reduce time in purgatory • (“when the coin in the coffer rings, a soul from hell springs”) • sold indulgences to gain $ for art/buildings

4. Martin Luther • German monk and professor in Wittenberg Teachings of the Church: • good works and faith led to salvation • Indulgences could make up for bad deeds Luther believed: • Salvation- justified by faith alone • did not believe one could work or buy their way into heaven • Bible- only source for religious truth • Got rid of man-made church traditions and followed ONLY what the Bible stated • didn’t need priest for confession b/c of Jesus • Christ was the head of the church, not the Pope • very upset by sale of indulgences • (led people away from true salvation) • Nailed 95 Theses to church door (1517) attacking indulgences • copies spread (printing press) • Translated Bible into German for the people • 1520 further split from Church • only 2 sacraments: Communion and Baptism • allowed clergy to marry • Excommunicated by Holy Roman Emperor at Diet of Worms (Luther marries former nun)

5. Martin Luther • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ3AFZXXX-k&list=PLC8ACBA72AB38CB21

6. Political Causes: • German provinces= Holy Roman Empire • Controlled by non-Germanic emperor • Charles V (HRE)/Charles I (Spain) • ruled most of Europe • wanted to keep all his lands united and under Catholic Church • Local Germanic rulers supported Luther against Charles V to prove their independence from the HRE • Glad to break away from corrupt church who controlled them • Wanted to rule themselves, not by outsider • Political reason to break away from church…not just religious • 1555- forced Charles to sign the Peace of Augsburg: each ruler to choose religion

7. John Calvin Protestantism – The name given for people who protested the church and created new reformed churches -many reformers began new churches, there was no ONE protestant church like the ONE Roman Catholic Church. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • Predestination – • Idea of John Calvin: God chooses who is saved/damned before they lived (destiny was pre-set) • 1536- Calvin structured the city of Geneva, Switzerland as example of a city of God • Rules on colors of clothing, no jewelry, no dancing, no singing, church attendance mandatory, etc.

8. Check • 1. What was Luther’s argument against the church in terms of helping people get to heaven? • 2. Why would the church feel threatened by Luther and his teachings? • 3. Where was Luther spreading his ideas of the church? • 4. How did Luther believe people received salvation?

9. The following chart on the Protestant Reformers is for review and optional. • Try completing it without the book first.

10. Protestant Reformers (Ch.15, Sec. 3)

11. The Reformation and Counter Reformation QUESTIONS: 1. What is the Protestant Reformation? 2. Who is Martin Luther and why is he significant? 3. How did geography and the power struggle between political leaders and the church assist Martin Luther in his cause?

12. On the following slide: • You do NOT need to record/ memorize all six of Henry VIII’s wives - you do need to know his first wife - you do need to know his three children since they all rule England after him - you do need to understand WHY England changes from being a Catholic country to a Protestant country ( Henry VIII- but why?)

13. Reformation in England • Henry VIII: Pope called him “Defender of the Faith”… • wife (Catherine- Spanish princess) only had daughter (Mary) • Needed son (heir) to carry on Tudor line • Divorce not given= Henry VIII left catholic church • Wives: “divorced, beheaded, died…divorced, beheaded, survived” • Catherine, Princess of Spain- staunch Catholic; divorced; Mary • Anne Boleyn, English- protestant, “bewitched” Henry; beheaded; Elizabeth • Jane Seymour, English; died in childbirth; Edward (Henry is buried with Jane) • Anne of Cleves- German Princess, “ugly & fat” (according to H.); divorced • Katherine Howard, English, 15yrs, A.B’s cousin, adultery- beheaded • Catherine Parr- English- survived him (mother for kids) • 2 changes in Church of England: • 1) King head of church (Act of Supremacy) • 2) king could get a divorce • everything else same as Catholic church

14. Henry, Henry, Henry • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c • Horrible Histories: Laws of the Tudors • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXSyQVWz_A8

15. Reformation in England Edward VI (son) • Ruled for a short time before dying (sickly) • Advisors strengthened break w/ Catholic church • Gave Church lands to nobles to gain support Mary came to throne • tried to force England back to Catholicism • killed over 300 Protestants at one time (Bloody Mary) • Married Spanish King; became sick and died Elizabeth became queen • advisors went back to Protestantism • Was the ‘son’ Henry always wanted • Seen as Golden Age in English history • Most beloved ruler in English history (to most) • Never married

16. Was Henry justified in breaking from the Church? Reformation in England

17. Clips from “Elizabeth” • Sickly Queen Mary and a healthy Elizabeth • Elizabeth being crowned • "No Master“ • The Transformation from girl into Queen Elizabeth I • Elizabeth: The Golden Age (exploration, war w/Spain, Mary Queen of Scots)

18. Counter Reformation/Catholic Reformation • RC weakened greatly by Protestant Reformation, things changed in 16th Century: • formation of the Jesuits • reform of the papacy • Council of Trent- addressed corruption • Jesuits (Society of Jesus) • founded by Ignatius Loyola • took vow of absolute obedience to pope • very missionary minded, education spread message • 1545 Council of Trent: • faith & good works - 7 sacraments • celibacy of priests - indulgences ok, but no selling • clear body of doctrine unified Catholics under pope

19. Counter Reformation

20. The following chart comparing the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant beliefs is for review and optional. • Try completing it without the book first.

21. Evolution of Western Christianity • Compare Catholicism and Protestantism (p. 449-460)

22. For additional review: • Not assigned Spring 2015

23. Explain……. • 1. Explain how the political scene in Western Europe aided the protestant cause during the Protestant Reformation. • 2. Explain the differences among protestant beliefs. • 3. What is the technical term for Henry VIII severing his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, declaring it invalid due to church law? • 4. Explain the importance of Jesuits to the Counter Reformation. How did the Counter Reformation differ from the Reformation?

24. Newscast: Reformations • With your group, you are going to create a newscast on the Protestant and Counter Reformations • (think 5 W’s…who, what, when, where, why) • You need: • Anchor(s) • Interviewer(s) in the ‘field’ • Guest(s) to interview • Write at least a 1-page dialogue for your newscast, make sure every person has their own part recorded so you can perform it easier. A few will BE PERFORMED TODAY. • Have fun with it…..

25. Example Newscast • Anchor Enter Name- • “From the studio we are going to our Special Correspondent who is standing by with a protester! Mrs. Varghese, tell us about this protester.” • Mrs. Varghese • “Yes, Hello _______ . Here I find myself on this cold dark and dreary day talking to none other than the man who started this whole thing….Mr. Martin Luther. • Anchor- • “Oh, wow, so you are actually conversing with THE Martin Luther? Tell us what he has been doing today while protesting and what exactly is his motivation for protesting this seemingly holy organization of the church”. • Mrs. Varghese • “Mr. Luther, what is your motivation for protesting and how have you been protesting?” • Martin Luther- • “Greetings and God Bless to everyone listening. Due to the corruption within the church and the wrongful leading of the innocent to the depths of hell, I find myself nailing my 95 Theses on the door here at the local church in Wittenburg, Germany.” • Mrs. Varghese • “And what response has the church given you, Mr. Luther?”…… “Oh, my goodness, Anchor _______ we have some angry people shouting at Mr. Luther”….”Wait….. I think my sound has been disconnected…hello?” BREAKING NEWS- The Counter Reformation is beginning.

26. OR

27. Reformation Posters -Create a poster from either the Protestant Reformers’ perspective or perspective of the Catholic Church: • Example: • Choose a specific Protestant Reformer and show what they believed (Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Henry VIII, Anabaptists) OR • Choose a reason the Catholic church thought the Protestant Reformers/groups were radical and heretics Must: be in color, use entire piece of paper, correct spelling, legible, neat, accurate, etc.

28. Clips on Elizabeth: The Golden Age • Things on which to take notes: • Catholic v. Protestant relations • Power struggle (religion IS political) • Absolutism (monarchs with absolute power) • Historical characters: • Elizabeth • Mary, Queen of Scots • Phillip II of Spain • Sir Walter Raleigh • Fire ships and Spanish Armada