1 / 10

Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system. System Pulmonary-blood to and from lungs Systemic-blood to and from body Coronary-blood to and from heart muscle Vessels Arteries (efferent)-carry blood away from the heart Veins (afferent)-carry blood to the heart

rod
Download Presentation

Cardiovascular system

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cardiovascular system • System • Pulmonary-blood to and from lungs • Systemic-blood to and from body • Coronary-blood to and from heart muscle • Vessels • Arteries (efferent)-carry blood away from the heart • Veins (afferent)-carry blood to the heart • Capillaries-exchange gas and nutrients from blood to tissue, inbetween arteries and veins

  2. Anatomy of Heart • Myocardium-cardiac (Heart) muscle • Left Ventricle-pumps blood to systemic system • Right Ventricle-pumps blood to pulmonary system • Left Atrium-collects blood from pulmonary system • Right atrium- collects blood from systemic system • Flow of blood • Both atriums drop blood into corresponding ventricle • Left ventriclebodyright atriumright ventriclelungsleft atriumleft ventriclebody

  3. Physiology of heart • Heart beats about 75 times per minute • Intrinsic conduction system • Node cells- determine rate of contraction • Sinoatrial node (SA node)-pacemaker, pass signal to AV node • Atrioventricular node (AV)-between atrium and ventricals, delays signal then contracts Ventricle

  4. Fibrillation-uncoordinated shuddering of heart • Myocardial Infarction-heart attack due to blockage of coronary system • Cardiac output-amount of blood pumped by each side of heart in one minute • Heart rate X stroke volume (amount of blood pumped by ventricle per contraction) • 75 beats/min X 70 ml/beat =5250 ml/mi • Starling’s law • Critical to stretch heart muscles • Stretch heart muscle by venous return • Slow heart beat (more time to fill ventricles) • Exercise (speed up venous return) • Sympathetic Nervous system-speeds up heart beat • Parasympathetic-slow heart beat

  5. Heart sounds • Systole-contraction of ventricles • Diastole- relaxation of ventricles • Lubb-closing of AV valves • Dubb-closing of semilunar valves • Murmers-unusual heart sound (swishing), due to improper closing of valve

  6. Physiology of Circulation • Pulse-expansion and recoil of artery following contraction • Blood pressure-pressure exerted on walls of vessels (120/80) • Systolic pressure-pressure at peak of contraction (120) • Diastolic pressure-pressure when ventricles relax (expanded) • Change in blood pressure • increased cardiac output

  7. Peripheral resistance-amount of friction encountered by blood as it flows through vessels • Constricting of vessels • Increased blood viscosity • Age, weight, time of day, body position, emotional state, drugs, food. • Neural factors-sympathetic nervous system, vasoconstriction (bleeding) increase BP due to bleeding • Renal Factors (kidneys)-retain water, increase BP, Renin-enzyme that controls sodium in blood, which is followed by water

  8. Temperature-cold is vasoconstrictor • Chemicals • Epinephrine-increases heart rate • Nicotine-vasoconstrictor • Alcohol-vasodilator • Histamine-vasodilator • Diet-diets low in salts, fats, cholesterol, prevent high blood pressure • Hypotension-low blood pressure • Systolic below 100mm Hg, associated with healthy life style • Hypertension-high blood pressure • 140/90

More Related