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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. Chapter 1 Section 3. How the Renaissance started it all…. During the Renaissance more people became interested in education and studying life. The printing press spread these ideas quickly.

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation Chapter 1 Section 3

  2. How the Renaissance started it all… • During the Renaissance more people became interested in education and studying life. • The printing press spread these ideas quickly. • People began to question the Church, which they had previously followed blindly.

  3. Church Abuses • The Church controlled land and had its own kingdom: the Holy Roman Empire. • They plotted against monarchs, fought wars for territory, and were extremely wealthy. • Indulgences: lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory; quick way to heaven.

  4. Indulgences often benefited the wealthy most, since they could afford to buy more. • Indulgence money was used to beautify churches, buy lavish clothes for priests, and support artists. • Many Christians protested this, but could not stop it.

  5. Along came Martin Luther • Luther had been a monk who studied the Bible closely. • He was frustrated by the Church’s abuses, and believed that the Pope was wrong. • In 1517 he posted his 95 theses, or list of grievances, on the Church door in Wittenberg, Germany.

  6. Luther’s teachings • All Christians can go to heaven through faith, not buying indulgences. • The Bible is the only source of truth, not the Pope. • Confessions and prayers to saints are banned. • Priests can marry.

  7. Luther’s teachings spread • Luther’s followers took the name “Protestant”, because they protested the Pope’s authority. • The printing press spread Protestant ideas quickly. • Many German princes followed Luther in order to seize church land and keep church money in their state.

  8. King Henry VIII • At first was against the Protestant revolt • Views changed after the Pope refused to let him divorce his wife. • Inspired by the reformation, Henry decided to take over the Church of England.

  9. King Henry cont’d • Thomas Cranmer annulled the king’s marriage. • New wife gave birth to Elizabeth (later became Queen) • Act of Supremacy stated the “only supreme head on earth of the Church of England” is Henry VIII

  10. Anglican Church • Henry seized land from the Catholic Church and gave it to nobles, which secured support for the new church • Kept most Catholic traditions • After Henry’s death, his son Edward took over for a few years, then he died. The next ruler was Queen Mary Tudor…

  11. Mary Tudor • Mary was Catholic, and was determined to force peasants to become Catholic too. • She had many Protestants burnt at the stake, and put her half sister in jail. • When Mary died, Elizabeth became Queen.

  12. Elizabeth I • Remembered as most loved queen of all time. • Elizabethan Settlement: keep both Catholic and Protestant ideas. • She restored the Church of England, but kept many Catholic rituals.

  13. Catholic Reformation • Catholics began to call for reform in their own church, to win back followers • Council of Trent: Catholic leaders met to discuss the direction reform should take, 1545. • Changes: Bible is not only source of truth, penalties for corrupt church leaders, established schools, and declared that salvation comes through faith and good works.

  14. Inquisition • Church court set up that used secret testimony, torture, and execution to root out heresy • Banned many books including ones by Luther and Calvin • Jews also persecuted in this time.

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