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Introduction to Animal Science

Introduction to Animal Science. Large Animal Science Ms. Senff. Mind Moo- ver. Objectives. Identify the 5 functions of domestic animals Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals Define appropriate terminology related to animals

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Introduction to Animal Science

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  1. Introduction to Animal Science Large Animal Science Ms. Senff

  2. Mind Moo-ver

  3. Objectives • Identify the 5 functions of domestic animals • Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals • Define appropriate terminology related to animals • Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species and types

  4. Why do we choose to have animals?

  5. Functions of Domestic Animals • FOOD • Meat • Eggs • Milk • Honey

  6. Functions of Domestic Animals • Food • CLOTHING • Wool • Leather • Hair/Fur • Feathers

  7. Functions of Domestic Animals • Food • Clothing • POWER • Horses, mules, donkeys, burros • Llamas, Alpacas • Oxen, Water Buffalo, Reindeer, yak, camels

  8. Functions of Domestic Animals • Food • Clothing • Power • RECREATION & COMPANIONSHIP • Pleasure Horses • Purebred herds & flocks • Livestock exhibitions, shows, rodeos • Horse Racing

  9. Functions of Domestic Animals • Food • Clothing • Power • Companionship • SERVICE • Guide dogs for blind • Police dogs • Therapy animals

  10. Terms: Wild Animal • Not GENETICALLY altered by artificial selection for use by humans • Genetically & behaviorally wild

  11. Terms: Domestic Animal • An animal that HAS been GENETICALLY altered from the original wild species for use by humans through ARTIFICIAL SELECTION. • Genetically = domestic • Behaviorally = domestic

  12. TERMS: Tame Wild Animal • A wild animal, that, through intervention of man, has adapted BEHAVIORALLY so as to be useful to humans. • Genetically = wild • Behaviorally = domestic

  13. Terms: Feral Animal • A DOMESTIC animal that lives in the WILD with no human assistance • Genetically = Domestic • Behaviorally = Wild

  14. Requirements for animals to be “domesticated” • The animal is VALUED and has PURPOSE • The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control • The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans • The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication • STRUCTURAL characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild.

  15. Domestication Assignment • In groups, research the domestication of the animal assigned. Prepare a 2-3 minute explanation for the class on your assigned species • Answer the following questions: • When & where was the animal domesticated? • What animals were used for the creation of the domestic species? • Who brought the first animals to America? When? • What is their original purpose? • Describe the current industry of the species (breeds, types, etc.) Species: Cattle Sheep Horses Swine Goats Poultry

  16. Day 2 – Candid Candy Groupies! • You will be assigned in groups of 3 • Sort the candy into groups that have similarities in candy characteristics • Think about questions such as: • Is the candy hard? • Is the candy chewy? • Is it chocolate? • Shape? • Type of wrapper? • Is the candy on a stick?

  17. Classification of Living Things • In order to study the billions of different organisms living on Earth, scientists have sorted and classified them based on their similarities and differences. • This system of classification is also called TAXONOMY and usually features both English and Latin names for different divisions

  18. Taxonomy and Linnaeus • Taxonomy: The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. • The first individual to propose an orderly system for classifying the variety of organisms found on our planet was Linnaeus in 1753. • Linnaeussuggested that every organism should be classified with a unique binomial name.

  19. Binomial Names • Binomial Names refer to a two-word system that scientifically names the organism. The first term in this classification system is the organism's generic name or Genus. The second term is the organism's specific name or species designation. • Using the binomial name method of classification, humans are referred to as Homo sapiens. • Every organism has a binomial name, first term is Genus or generic name, second term is species. Linnaeus was the first to create an orderly system. Bos Taurus (Scottish Highlander) Bosgrunniens (Tibetan Yak)

  20. Create a Foldable Pick a livestock animal

  21. Acronym! • K • P • C • O • F • G • S What are some acronyms related to agriculture??

  22. Kingdom • Kingdom is the largest group in the taxonomic system and can be broken into 2 groups: • Animalia • Plantae

  23. Hierarchy of Categories • Kingdom • Phylum • Chordata – all vertebrates • Class • Farm Animals fall into either Mammalia or Aves • Order • Family • Genus • Species “Kyle Picked Cauliflower on Fred’s Garden Soil”

  24. Class Mammalia • Have 4 chambered hearts • Warm blooded • Have a diaphragm • Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities • Helps them breathe more efficiently • Bodies are covered in hair/wool • Embryos develop in the mother’s uterus • Young are born alive • Mothers secrete milk to nurse the young

  25. Class Aves • Have 4 chambered hearts • Warm Blooded • Bodies covered with feathers • No diaphragm • Have light, hollow bones • Air sac system attached to the lungs • Lay eggs in which their young develop • Do not secrete milk • Nourishment of the young in the egg, then from solid food at hatching

  26. Species • Species can be defined as any individual living thing that can reproduce with another of the same. • Species are often divided into smaller groups • Breeds • Examples? • Varieties • Examples? • Strains • Examples?

  27. Scientific Names of Livestock • Includes its Genus and Species • The Genus is capitalized • Species name is NOT capitalized • In written material, the scientific name will be underlined or italicized • Examples: • Cattle: Bostaurusor Bostaurus • Horse: Equuscaballusor Equuscaballus NOW, IT’S YOUR TURN TO COMPLETE YOUR FOLDABLE WITH THE SPECIES OF YOUR CHOICE.

  28. Scientific Names • Knowing scientific names is important in Animal Science • Professional or scientific publications will use scientific classification • It could also be a SHOWMANSHIP question if you exhibit animals at the fair! • Wildlife biologists frequently refer to birds by their scientific names.

  29. Species VS. Breed • Species – A group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring • Example? • Breed – animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species • Example?

  30. Livestock Breeds…Where do they fit? • Purebredsare animals whose sire and dam are of the same breed. • Crossbred animals are offspring resulting from the crossing of a male of one breed with a female of another breed.

  31. Scientific Names for Livestock Breeds To the best of your ability, “translate” these names into their common species and name. The “ssp.” means subspecies, or breed. • Susscrofa ssp. Hampshire • Ovisaries ssp. Suffolk • Bostaurus ssp. Angus • Gallus domesticus ssp. Leghorn • Canisfamiliaris ssp. Dalmatian

  32. Types of Livestock • Each species of livestock has specific breeds that perform best for each purpose: • Meat Type – Produce meat efficiently • Dairy Type – Product meat & milk efficiently • Ornamental – Don’t product milk or meat efficiently, chosen for beauty • Performance – Chosen for performance traits

  33. What are the benefits of Animal Agriculture?? • Animals convert feed that humans CAN’T eat to foods humans CAN eat • (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.) • Helps maintain FERTILITY of the land • Personal satisfaction of working with domesticated animals • May more fully utilize capital, machinery and wasteland (range).

  34. What are the benefits of Animal Agriculture?? • Animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for humans • Animal proteins have improved amino acid balance over vegetable protein • Milk – approximately 90% of milk for human consumption in the world comes from cattle • Over 85% of the world population desire food of animal origin

  35. Top States in Beef Production • Texas • Kansas • Nebraska • Oklahoma • California

  36. Top States in Dairy Production • California • Wisconsin • New York • Pennsylvania • Michigan

  37. Top States in Sheep Production • Texas • California • Wyoming • Colorado • South Dakota

  38. Top States in Goat Production • Texas • New Mexico • Arizona • Oklahoma • California

  39. Top States in Swine Production • Iowa • North Carolina • Michigan • Illinois • Indiana

  40. Top States in Layers Production • California • Ohio • Indiana • Pennsylvania • Iowa

  41. Top States in Broiler Production • Arkansas • Georgia • Alabama • North Carolina • Mississippi

  42. Top States in Turkey Production • North Carolina • Minnesota • Arkansas • Missouri • California

  43. Number of Farms & Ranches • Texas • Missouri • Iowa • Kentucky • Minnesota

  44. Land in Farms & Ranches • Texas • Montana • Kansas • Nebraska • New Mexico

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