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Pyramids on the Nile

Pyramids on the Nile. What was the most important geographic feature of Egypt?. Nile River Many settlements Yearly Flood. What were some of the environmental challenges of Egypt?. Environmental Challenges More regular than Mesopotamia Waters low - silt and crops down -starvation

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Pyramids on the Nile

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  1. Pyramids on the Nile

  2. What was the most important geographic feature of Egypt? • Nile River • Many settlements • Yearly Flood

  3. What were some of the environmental challenges of Egypt? • Environmental Challenges • More regular than Mesopotamia • Waters low - silt and crops down -starvation • Waters high - Destroyed homes, seeding

  4. More Geography • South (Upper Egypt) • North (Lower Egypt) • Nile - Transportation • Unified villages, promoted trade

  5. King Narmer • 3000 BC • United Upper and Lower • Capital at Memphis

  6. How was the Kingdom run? • Pharaohs rule as gods • Egyptians - Kings were gods • Theocracy - Rule based on religious authority • Pharaohs cause sun to rise, Nile to flood, crops to grow

  7. What was the purpose of the Pyramids? • Ka – eternal life force • Tombs important • Pyramid - resting place after death • Supply of stone - granite and limestone • Reflect strength of Egyptian civilization

  8. What else did they do for their religion? • Polytheistic – Re (Sun), Osiris (Death), Isis (Women) • Mummification • Canopic jars – brains, liver, etc. • Embalming • Salt and baking soda

  9. What was their social structure? • Royal Family • Upper Class (Gov’t officials, priests, military) • Middle Class (Merchants, artisans) • Lower Class (Farmers, laborers) - Slaves • Women had many rights

  10. How did the Egyptians write? • Hieroglyphics • Papyrus

  11. Did they have any scientific or mathematic advances? • Calendar • Numbers - Taxes • Heart rate, splints

  12. Why were there breaks in their rule? • INVADERS • Old Kingdom Ends 2180 • Middle Kingdom 2040-1640 • Hyksos rule 1630-1523 • From Palestine

  13. Standards and Targets • Standard #1 – Apply the skills of historical analysis and interpretation • Evaluate the causes and effects of historical events • Standard #4 – Understand world social history f. Assess social hierarchies and the conflicts created by class division • Standard #5 – Understand world environmental history d. Analyze how technological and scientific developments have human productivity, human comfort and the environment

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