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Pyramids on the Nile

Pyramids on the Nile. Egypt. Unlike Sumerian culture – Egypt had one united Kingdom No city states which created a stable environment for over 3000 years. Geography of Egypt. Nile River- 4,100 miles long- longest river in world Settlements arose along the Nile 7000 B.C.

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Pyramids on the Nile

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  1. Pyramids on the Nile

  2. Egypt Unlike Sumerian culture – Egypt had one united Kingdom No city states which created a stable environment for over 3000 years

  3. Geography of Egypt • Nile River- 4,100 miles long- longest river in world • Settlements arose along the Nile • 7000 B.C. • Land made fertile by flooding of river • Black Land (fertile) vs. Red Land (desert)

  4. The Gift of the Nile • Rain and melting snow caused the Nile to flood (July) • When it receded it left silt (October) • Water highway- unified villages and promoted trade • Nile was a god to Egyptians • Gave life

  5. Environmental Challenges • Egyptian farmers more fortunate than Sumerian • Nile was regular unlike Tigris and Euphrates • However, other risks: • Lower water level= less silt= less crops= starvation • Higher water level= destruction of houses, granaries and seeds planted • Deserts on sides= less farmable/livable land and less interaction w/ other people

  6. Upper and Lower Egypt • Upper Egypt- river area in the south from First Cataract to point where river branches out Elevation is higher Cataract – churning rapids

  7. Lower Egypt- to the north near the Mediterranean Sea. • Delta region- broad, marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river.

  8. 3200 BC Villages of Egypt were under the rule of 2 separate kingdoms ~Lower and upper Eventually they united – unsure who did it though?

  9. Egypt Unites into a Kingdom Conflicting evidence • King Scorpion or • King Narmer (more evidence) King of Lower Egypt • Red crown King of Upper Egypt • white crown Narmer created a double crown • Symbolized a unified kingdom • Around 3000 B.C.

  10. Narmer made his capital city Memphis

  11. Pharaohs Rule as Gods In Egypt, kings were Gods • Pharaohs • Center of religion, govt., and army –almost as powerful as the gods. • Caused the sun to rise, the Nile to flood Theocracy • rule based on religious authority

  12. Pyramids • King ruled even after death • Ka- eternal life force • Reigned forever • Tombs in pyramids – needed a very important resting place • Pyramids represented strength of Egyptians • Economic strength, tech. means • Leadership and govt. organization

  13. Pyramids at Giza – each block about 2 ½ tons – some 15 2 million blocks stacked made one pyramid

  14. Egyptians polytheistic – Re- the sun god Osiris – god of the dead Isis – the most important! Mother and wife god 2000 gods Mummification – For Royal Egyptians

  15. Society

  16. Science and Technology • Calendar – came up with 365 ¼ days in a year • System of written numbers • Assess and collect taxes • Geometry • Architecture • Medicine • Pulse • Splints • surgery

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